Elections and Democratization in the Middle East pp 133-152 | Cite as
Iraq: Democracy and Electoral Politics in Post-Saddam Era
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Abstract
From the beginning of the Iraq War in March 2003 until the complete withdrawal of US military troops from Iraq in December 2011, Iraqis went to the polls on a massive scale on altogether five occasions. In January 2005, they elected a constituent assembly as well as provincial councils; in October 2005 they approved the work of the constituent assembly in a constitutional referendum; in December 2005 they elected their first democratic parliament under the new constitution; in January 2009 they elected provincial councils for a second time; in March 2010 they elected a second parliament. After the Americans left the country, the political focus in Iraq quite quickly came to focus to a third round of provincial elections of April 2013, the sixth major, nationwide election event in a decade.
Keywords
Local Election Electoral Politics Dispute Territory Parliamentary Election Federal SupremePreview
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Notes
- 1.Arend Lijphart, Democracies. Patterns of Majoritarian and Consensus Government in Twenty-One Countries (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1984).Google Scholar
- 2.For an example, see Ad Melkert, “March elections are another step toward normality in Iraq,” Washington Post, February 28, 2010.Google Scholar
- 3.Hanna Batatu, The Old Social Classes and the Revolutionary Movement in Iraq (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1978), pp. 45–50.Google Scholar
- 5.Jonathan Morrow, Iraq’s Constitutional Process, II: Opportunity Lost (Washington, DC: USIP Paper, 2005).Google Scholar
- 6.Reidar Visser, A Responsible End? The US and the Iraqi Transition, 2005–2010 (Charlottesville, VA: Just World Books, 2010), pp. 67–84.Google Scholar
- 8.Reidar Visser, “Policing a Messy Federation: The Role of the Iraqi Federal Supreme Court, 2005–2010” Orient no. 2, 2011.Google Scholar