Abstract
In an October 2010 address, FBI director Robert Mueller identified homegrown terrorism as a growing concern to the US national security community (Mueller 2010). Mueller said the threat from homegrown extremists, meaning those born or residing within the United States and targeting US interests, is challenging given its “quickly evolving” nature and the lack of a “typical” homegrown terrorist profile (Mueller 2010).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Adams, Nick, Ted Nordhaus, and Michael Shellenberger. 2011. “Counterterrorism Since 9/11: Evaluating the Efficacy of Controversial Tactics.” The Breakthrough Institute. http://thescienceofsecurity.org/blog/CT %20Since%209–11_by_Breakthrough.pdf.
“Alleged Extremist Terror Plot Foiled in Tampa.” 2012. CBS News, January 9. http://www.cbsnews.com/8301–201_162–57355150/alleged- extremist-te rror-plot-foiled-in-tampa/.
Beutel, Alejandro. 2010. “Building Bridges to Strengthen America: Forging and Effective Counterterrorism Enterprise between Muslim Americans and Law Enforcement.” Muslim Public Affairs Council. http://www.mpac.org/assets/docs/publications/building-bridges/MPAC-BuildingBridges–Complete_Unabridged_Paper.pdf.
Bombing Suspect Provided ‘Actionable Intelligence,’ White House says. 2010. CNN News, January 5. http://articles.cnn.com/2010–01–05/justice/terror. suspect_1_umar-farouk-abdulmutallab-nofly-list-actionable?_s=PM: CRIME.
Braga, Anthony. 2002. “Problem-Oriented Policing and Crime Prevention.” Center for Problem-Oriented Policing. http://www.popcenter.org/library/reading/PDFs/braga1.pdf.
Brown, Robbie. 2012. “Florida Man Charged with Plotting Terror Campaign in Name of Islam.” New York Times, January 9. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/10/us/florida-man-charged-with-plotting-strikes-inname-of-islam.html.
Chang, Kenneth. 2009. “Explosive on Flight 253 Is among Most Powerful.” New York Times, December 27. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/28/us/28explosives.html.
Collette, Chris, and Kevin Johnson. 2012. “Man Accused of Plotting Fla. Bombings.” USA Today, January 9. http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/story/2012–01–09/florida-bomb-plot/52466292/ 1
“Community Policing Defined.” 2012. United States Department of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services. http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/files/RIC/Publications/e030917193 - CP-Defined.pdf.
Curtis, Henry Pierson. 2012. “Tampa Bomb Plot Foiled by FBI.” Orlando Sentinel, January 9. http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2012–01–09/ news/os-tampa-bomb-plot-foiled-20120109_1_undercover-fbi-agent-mu slim-community-affidavit.
Denson, Bryan. 2010. “FBI Thwarts Terrorist Bombing Attempt at Portland Holiday Tree Lighting, Authorities Say.” The Oregonian, November 26. http://www.oregonlive.com/portland/index.ssf/2010/11/fbi_thwarts_terrorist_bombing.html.
Detroit Bomber ‘Providing Intelligence about al-Qaida.’ 2010. Associated Press, February 3. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/feb/03/detroit-bomber-adbulmutallab-evidence-alqaeda.
Detroit Terror Plot: Suspect Has Provided ‘Useful’ Intelligence to US Authorities. 2010. The Telegraph, February 3. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/7142761/Detroit-terrorplot-suspect-has-provided-useful-intelligence-to-US-authorities.html.
Dobrin, Adam. 2006. “Professional and Community Oriented Policing: The Mayberry Model.” Journal of Criminal Justice and Popular Culture 13 (1): 19–28.
Dolan, Laura. 2011. “Accused Christmas Day Bomber Pleads Guilty to All Counts.” CNN.com., October 12. http://articles.cnn.com/2011–10–12/ us/michigan.underwear.bomber_1_umar-farouk- abdulmutallab-bombingattempt-explosive-device?_s=PM:US.
Eck, John, and William Spelman. 1987. “Who Ya Gonna Call? The Police as Problem-Busters.” Crime and Delinquency 33 (1): 31–52.
Eggen, Dan, Karen DeYoung, and Spencer Hsu. 2009. “Plane Suspect Was Listed in Terror Database after Father Alerted U.S. officials.” Washington Post, December 27. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/12/25/AR2009122501355.html.
Elliott, Andrea. 2009a. “A Call to Jihad, Answered in America.” New York Times, July 11. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/12/us/12somalis. html?pagewanted =all.
Elliott, Andrea. 2009b. “Joining the Fight in Somalia.” New York Times, July 12. http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2009/07/12/us/20090712-somalia-timeline.html.
Elliott, Andrea. 2010. “The Jihadist Next Door.” New York Times, January 27. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/31/magazine/31Jihadist-t.html.
Erickson, Richard, and Kevin Haggerty. 1992. Policing the Risk Society. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
“Father Alerted US about Nigerian Plane Bomb Suspect.” 2009. BBC News, December 27. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/8431470.stm.
“FBI: Five Missing from Washington Area in Custody in Pakistan.” 2009. CNN News, December 10. http://articles.cnn.com/2009–12–10/world/ pakistan. arrests_1_usman-anwar-pakistani-police-fbi?_s=PM:WORLD.
“FBI Foils Suspected Tampa Bomb Plot.” 2012. CBS Miami, January 9. http://miami.cbslocal.com/2012/01/09/fbi-foils-suspected-tampa-bomb-plot/.
Federal Bureau of Investigations. 2010. “Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab Indicted for Attempted Bombing of Flight 253 on Christmas Day, Press Release.” Federal Bureau of Investigations, January 6. http://www.fbi.gov/detroit/press-releases/2010/de010610.htm.
“Five DC-Area Men Held in Pakistan.” 2010. CBS News, October 3. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2009/12/09/world/main5951110.shtml.
Flynn, D. 1998. “Defining the ‘Community’ In Community Policing.” Police Executive Research Forum. http://www.policeforum.org/library/community-policing/cp.pdf.
Forman, James. 2004. “Community Policing and Youth as Assets.” Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 95 (1): 1–48.
Gillani, Waqar, and Jane Perlez. 2009. “Pakistan Police Say 5 Detained Americans Intended to Fight U.S. in Afghanistan.” New York Times, December 11. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E07E 7D6143FF932A25751C1A96F9C8B63.
Goldman, Russell, and Huma Khan. 2009. “Timeline of Terror: Clues in Bomber Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab’s Past.” ABC News, December 30. http://abcnews.go.com/US/timeline-terror-clues-bomber-umarfarouk-abdulmutallabs-past/story?id=94492 55.
Goldstein, Herman. 1979. “Improving Policing, A Problem-Oriented Approach.” Crime and Delinquency 25 (2): 236–258.
Goodstein, Laurie. 2011. “Muslims Are Loyal to U.S. and Hopeful, Poll Finds.” New York Times, August 2. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/03/us/03muslims.html.
“UK Intelligence on Detroit Bomb Suspect Was Passed on to Americans.” 2010. The Guardian, January 4. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/jan/04/intelligence-detroit-bomb-suspect-passed-to-americans.
Harris, David. 2010. “Law Enforcement and Intelligence Gathering in Muslim and Immigrant Communities after 9/11.” New York University Review of Law and Social Change 34: 123–190. http://www.law.nyu.edu/ecm_dlv2/groups/public/@nyu_law_web site__j ournals__review_of_ law_and_social_change/documents/documents/ecm_pro_068611.pdf.
Huq, Aziz, Tom Tyler, and Stephen Schulhofer. 2011. “Mechanisms for Eliciting Cooperation in Counterterrorism Policing: Evidence from the United Kingdom.” Journal of Empirical Legal Studies 8 (4): 728–761.
Hussain, Zahid, Siobhan Gorman, and Neil King, Jr. 2009. “Students Linked to al Qaeda.” Wall Street Journal, December 11. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB126045800896585617.html.
Interrupting Violence with the Message ‘Don’ t Shoot.’ 2011. NPR.org, November 1. http://www.npr.org/2011/11/01/141803766/interrupting-violence-with-the-message-dont-shoot.
Joseph, Channing, and Robert Mackey. 2012. “An American Jihadist in Somalia Claims His Colleagues Want to Kill Him.” New York Times, March 20. http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/03/20/an-american-jihadist-in-somalia-claims-his-colleagues-want-to-kill-him/.
Kennedy, David. 1993. The Strategic Management of Police Resources, Perspectives on Policing, Nat’l Inst. of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, United States Department of Justice. /pdffiles1/nij/139565.pdf.
Khan, Zarar, and Devlin Barrett. 2009. “Five Arrested in Pakistan May Be Missing DC Students.” NBC Washington, December 9. http://www.nbcwashington.com/news/local/5-Americans-Arrested-inPakistan-Believed-Missing-From-DC-Area-78889822.html.
Kosovo Native Plotted Bombings, Bloodshed in Tampa, “Feds Say.” 2012. CNN News, January 9. http://articles.cnn.com/2012–01–09/ j ustice/j ustice_florida-terror- arrest_ 1 _muslim- community- explo sivesfbi- employee?_s=PM:JUST ICE.
Kurzman, Charles. 2011. “Muslim-American Terrorism Since 9/11: An Accounting.” Triangle Center on Terrorism and Homeland Security. http://tcths.sanford.duke.edu/about/documents/Kurzman_MuslimAmerican_Terrorism_Since_911 _An_Accounting. pdf.
Kurzman, Charles, David Schanzer, and Ebrahim Moosa. 2011. “Muslim American Terrorism Since 9/11: Why so Rare.” The Muslim World 101 (3): 464–483.
Levesque, William, and Jamal Thalji. 2012a. “Alleged Terror Plot Targeted Tampa.” Miami Herald, January 9. http://www.miamiherald.com/2012/01/09/2581898/alleged-terror-plot-targeted-tampa.html.
Levesque, William, and Jamal Thalji. 2012b. “Feds Accuse Man of Planning Bomb and Gun Attacks in South Tampa and Ybor City.” Tampa Bay Times, January 10. http://www.tampabay.com/news/courts/criminal/man-arrested-in-tampabomb-plot/1209814.
Lurigio, Arthur, and Wesley Skogan. 1994. “Winning the Hearts and Minds of Police Officers: An Assessment of Staff Perceptions of Community Policing in Chicago.” Crime and Delinquency 40 (3): 315–330.
MacAskill, Ewen, Iam Black, and Richard Norton-Taylor. 2010. “Airline Bomb Plot Security Review Finds Key Failings by CIA and Terror Agency.” The Guardian, January 7. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/jan/07/barack-obama-airline-bombing-plot.
Manning, Peter. 1984. “Community Policing.” American Journal of Police 3 (2): 205–227.
Markon, Jerry. 2009. “Pakistan Arrests 5 North Virginia Men, Probes Possible Jihadist Ties.” Washington Post, December 10. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/12/09/AR2009120901884.html.
Markon, Jerry. 2010. “FBI Foils Elaborate Bomb Plot in Oregon.” Washington Post. November 28. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/11/27/AR2010112700546.html.
Meyer, Josh. 2009. “Five Young Americans Arrested in Pakistan.” Los Angeles Times, December 9. http://articles.latimes.com/2009/dec/09/world/la-fg-pakistan-arrests10 –2009dec10.
Miner, Colin, Liz Robbins, and Erik Eckholm. 2010. “F.B.I. Says Oregon Suspect Planned ‘Grand’ Attack.” New York Times, January 27. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/28/us/28portland.html?pagewanted=all.
Mueller, Robert. 2010. Director, Fed. Bureau of Investigation, Preparedness Group Conference in Washington, D.C., October 6. http://www.fbi.gov/news/speeches/countering-the-terrorism-threat.
“Muslim Man Charged in Bomb Plot.” 2012. The Oracle, January 10. http://www.usforacle.com/news/around-the-world/muslim-man-charged-inbomb-plot-1.2684217.
Muslim Public Affairs Council. 2012. “Statistics: What You Need to Know.” Muslim Public Affairs Council. http://www.mpac.org/programs/hate-crime-prevention/statistics.php.
Newburn, Tim. 2011. “Policing Since 1945.” In Handbook of Policing, Second Edition. Edited by Tim Newburn. 90–115. Cullompton, UK: Willan Publishing.
O’Connor, Anahad, and Eric Schmitt. 2009. “Terror Attempt Seen as Man Tries to Ignite Device on Jet.” New York Times, December 25. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/26/us/26plane.html.
“Oregon Resident Arrested in Plot to Bomb Christmas Tree Lighting Ceremony in Portland.” 2010. United States Attorney’s Office, District of Oregon. November 26. http://www.fbi.gov/portland/press-releases/2010/pd112610.htm.
“Pakistan Reportedly Detains Five DC-Area Muslims on Suspicion of Terror.” 2009. Investigative Project on Terrorism, December 8. http://www.investigativeproject.org/1557/authorities-search-for-five-missingdc-area.
Pate, Antony, and Penny Shtull. 1994. “Community Policing Grows in Brooklyn: An Inside View of the New York City Police Department’s Model Precinct.” Crime and Delinquency 40 (3): 384–410.
Perlez, Jane, Salman Masood, and Waqar Gillani. 2009. “5 U.S. Men Arrested in Pakistan Said to Plan Jihad.” New York Times, December 10. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/11/world/asia/11inquire.html?pagewanted =all.
“Peter King’ s Obsession.” 2011. New York Times, March 7. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/08/opinion/08tue1.html.
Pew Research Center for the People and the Press. 2011. “Muslim Americans: No Signs of Growth in Alienation or Support for Extremism”. Washington DC: Pew Research Center. http://www.people-press.org/files/legacy-pdf/Muslim-American-Report.pdf.
“Profile: Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab.” 2011. BBC News, October 12. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-11545509.
Ramirez, Deborah, and Tara Quinlan. 2008. “The Greater London Experience: Essential Lessons Learned in Law Enforcement-Community Partnerships and Terrorism Prevention.” Social Science Research Network. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2005349.
Robbins, Liz, and Edward Wyatt. 2010. “Bomb Plot Foiled at Holiday Event in Oregon.” New York Times, November 28. http://m.post-gazette.com/news/us/bomb-plot-foiled-at-holiday-event-in-oregon-1106671?p = 0.
Shah, Allie, James Walsh, and Richard Meryhew. 2009. “Relative Confirms Death of Fourth Young Man from Minnesota in Somalia.” Minneapolis Star Tribune, July 13. http://www.startribune.com/local/minneapolis/50588512.html?page =allandprepage=1andc=y#continue.
Skogan, Wesley. 1997. Community Policing, Chicago Style. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Skogan, Wesley, Susan Harnett, Jill DuBois, Jennifer Comey, Marianne Kaiser, and Justine Lovig. 1998. “Problem Solving in Practice: Implementing Community Policing in Chicago.” United States Department of Justice. /pdffiles1/nij/179556.pdf.
Smith, Thomas. 2011. “Testimony of Thomas E. Smith, Chief of Police, St. Paul Police Department, St. Paul Minnesota.” House Committee of Homeland Security, July 27. http://homeland.house.gov/sites/homeland.house.gov/files/Testimony%20Smith_2.pdf.
“Somali-American Accused of Plotting to Bomb Oregon Tree-Lighting Event.” 2010. CNN News, November 27. http://articles.cnn.com/2010–11–27/justice/oregon. bomb.plot_1_tree-lighting-justice-department-po rtland-resident?_s=PM:CRIME.
“Source: Terror Suspect’ s Father Tried to Warn Authorities.” 2009. CNN News, December 26. http://articles.cnn.com/2009–12–26/justice/ airline. attack_1_umar-farouk-abdulmutallab-no -fly-list-nigeria/2?_ s=PM:CRIME.
Spalek, Basia, Salwa El Awa, and Laura Zahra McDonald. 2008. Police-Muslim Engagement and Partnerships for the Purposes of Counter-Terrorism: An Examination: Summary Report. Arts and Humanities Research Council. http://www.ahrc.ac.uk/News/Latest/Documents/Rad%20Islam%20 Summary%20Report.pdf.
Stacy, Mitch, and Tamara Lush. 2012. “Muslim Man from Kosovo Charged in Fla. Bomb Plot.” Associated Press, January 9. http://news.yahoo.com/muslim-man-kosovo-charged-fla-bomb-plot-2124315 56.html.
Stolberg, Sheryl Gay, and Lauri Goodstein. 2011. “Domestic Terrorism Hearing Opens with Contrasting Views on Dangers.” New York Times, March 10. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/11/us/politics/11king. html.
Stone, Christopher, and Jeremy Travis. 2011. “Toward a New Professionalism in Policing.” National Institute of Justice, March. /pdffiles1/nij/232359.pdf.
Tilley, Nick. 2011. “Modern Approaches to Policing: Community, Problem-Oriented and Intelligence-Led.” in Handbook of Policing, Second Edition. Edited by Tim Newburn. 373–403. Cullompton, UK: Willan Publishing.
“Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab Sentenced to Life in Prison for Attempted Bombing of Flight 253 on Christmas Day 2009.” 2012. United States Department of Justice, February 16. http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2012/February/12-ag-227.html.
“Understanding Community Policing: A Framework for Action.” 1994. United States Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs. /pdffiles/commp.pdf.
“Underwear Bomber Abdulmutallab Sentenced To Life.” 2012. BBC News. February 12. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-17065130.
United States v. Abdulmutallab, 2010. No. 2:10-cr-20005, United States District Court, Eastern District of Michigan, January 6. http://abcnews.go.com/images/Politics/abdulmutallab.pdf.
Walsh, James. 2009. “Court Records Detail Minnesota Somalis’ Path to Terrorism.” Minneapolis Star Tribune, July 15. http://www.startribune.com/local/minneapolis/50806557.html?source=error.
Yuen, Laura. 2009. “Missing Somali Men: What’s Next in the Investigation.” Minnesota Public Radio, November 24. http://minnesota.publicradio.org/display/web/2009/11/24/missing_somalI_next_day/.
Yuen, Laura, and Sasha Aslanian. 2009. “Timeline: The Missing Somali Men.” Minnesota Public Radio, November 23. http://minnesota.publicradio.org/projects/ongoing/somali_timeline/.
Zeleny, Jeff, and Charlie Savage. 2010. “Official Says Terrorism Suspect Is Cooperating.” New York Times, February 2. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/03/us/03terror.html.
Editor information
Copyright information
© 2013 P. Daniel Silk, Basia Spalek, and Mary O’Rawe
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ramirez, D., Quinlan, T.L., Malloy, S.P., Shutt, T. (2013). Community Partnerships Thwart Terrorism. In: Silk, P.D., Spalek, B., O’Rawe, M. (eds) Preventing Ideological Violence. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137290380_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137290380_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, New York
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-45052-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-29038-0
eBook Packages: Palgrave Political & Intern. Studies CollectionPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)