Abstract
Climate change adaptation is the process whereby something or someone’s ability to cope with climate change is increased. In the built environment this could involve construction of higher food defences or larger drains, while in the transport sector it might entail the use of more heat-resistant road surfaces or the design of alternative travel plans for use in the event of landslides.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Stocker, T. Climate change 2013: the physical science basis: Working Group I contribution to the Fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (Cambridge University Press, 2014).
Parry, M. L., Rosenzweig, C., Iglesias, A., Livermore, M. & Fischer, G. Effects of climate change on global food production under SRES emissions and socio-economic scenarios. Global Environmental Change 14, 53–67 (2004).
Piao, S. et al. The impacts of climate change on water resources and agriculture in China. Nature 467, 43–51 (2010).
Howden, S. M. et al. Adapting agriculture to climate change. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104, 19691–19696 (2007).
Thornton, P. K., Jones, P. G., Alagarswamy, G. & Andresen, J. Spatial variation of crop yield response to climate change in East Africa. Global Environmental Change 19, 54–65 (2009).
Galloway, J. N. et al. The nitrogen cascade. Bioscience 53, 341–356 (2003).
Erisman, J. W., Sutton, M. A., Galloway, J., Klimont, Z. & Winiwarter, W. How a century of ammonia synthesis changed the world. Nature Geoscience 1, 636–639, doi:10.1038/ngeo325 (2008).
Sutton, M. A. et al. The European nitrogen assessment: sources, effects and policy perspectives. (Cambridge University Press, 2011).
Lobell, D. B. et al. Prioritizing climate change adaptation needs for food security in 2030. Science 319, 607–610 (2008).
Denning, G. et al. Input subsidies to improve smallholder maize productivity in Malawi: toward an African Green Revolution. PLoS Biology 7, e1000023 (2009).
Wassmann, R. et al. Climate change affecting rice production: the physiological and agronomic basis for possible adaptation strategies. Advances in Agronomy 101, 59–122 (2009).
Hassanali, A., Herren, H., Khan, Z. R., Pickett, J. A. & Woodcock, C. M. Integrated pest management: the push-pull approach for controlling insect pests and weeds of cereals, and its potential for other agricultural systems including animal husbandry. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 363, 611–621 (2008).
Verchot, L. V. et al. Climate change: linking adaptation and mitigation through agroforestry. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 12, 901–918 (2007).
Lin, B. B. Agroforestry management as an adaptive strategy against potential microclimate extremes in coffee agriculture. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 144, 85–94 (2007).
Garrity, D. P. et al. Evergreen Agriculture: a robust approach to sustainable food security in Africa. Food Security 2, 197–214 (2010).
Olesen, J. E. & Bindi, M. Consequences of climate change for European agricultural productivity, land use and policy. European Journal of Agronomy 16, 239–262 (2002).
Falloon, P. & Betts, R. Climate impacts on European agriculture and water management in the context of adaptation and mitigation — the importance of an integrated approach. Science of the Total Environment 408, 5667–5687 (2010).
Hessen, D. O., Hindar, A. & Holtan, G. The significance of nitrogen runoff for eutrophication of freshwater and marine recipients. Ambio 26, 312–320 (1997).
Andersen, H. E. et al. Climate-change impacts on hydrology and nutrients in a Danish lowland river basin. Science of the Total Environment 365, 223–237 (2006).
Grizzetti, B. et al. Nitrogen as a threat to European water quality. In The European Nitrogen Assessment, edited by M. Sutton et al., 379–404 (Cambridge University Press, UK, 2011).
Raun, W. R. & Johnson, G. V. Improving nitrogen use efficiency for cereal production. Agronomy Journal 91, 357–363 (1999).
Goodchild, R. EU policies for the reduction of nitrogen in water: the example of the Nitrates Directive. Environmental Pollution 102, 737–740 (1998).
Osborn, S. & Cook, H. F. Nitrate vulnerable zones and nitrate sensitive areas: a policy and technical analysis of groundwater source protection in England and Wales. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 40, 217–234 (1997).
Tilman, D., Cassman, K. G., Matson, P. A., Naylor, R. & Polasky, S. Agricultural sustainability and intensive production practices. Nature 418, 671–677 (2002).
Rounsevell, M. D. A. & Reay, D. S. Land use and climate change in the UK. Land Use Policy 26, S160–S169, doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2009.09.007 (2009).
Hefting, M. M. & de Klein, J. J. Nitrogen removal in buffer strips along a lowland stream in the Netherlands: a pilot study. Environmental Pollution 102, 521–526 (1998).
Fortier, J., Gagnon, D., Truax, B. & Lambert, F. Nutrient accumulation and carbon sequestration in 6-year-old hybrid poplars in multiclonal agricultural riparian buffer strips. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 137, 276–287 (2010).
Hefting, M. M., Bobbink, R. & de Caluwe, H. Nitrous oxide emission and denitrification in chronically nitrate-loaded riparian buffer zones. Journal of Environmental Quality 32, 1194–1203 (2003).
Mitsch, W. J. et al. Reducing Nitrogen Loading to the Gulf of Mexico from the Mississippi River Basin: Strategies to Counter a Persistent Ecological Problem Ecotechnology — the use of natural ecosystems to solve environmental problems — should be a part of efforts to shrink the zone of hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico. BioScience 51, 373–388 (2001).
Dosskey, M. G. Setting priorities for research on pollution reduction functions of agricultural buffers. Environmental Management 30, 641–650 (2002).
Reay, D. S. Fertilizer ‘solution’ could turn local problem global — protecting soil and water from pollution may mean releasing more greenhouse gas. Nature 427, 485 doi:10.1038/427485a (2004).
Parry, M. L. Climate Change 2007: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability: contribution of Working Group II to the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Vol. 4. (Cambridge University Press, 2007).
Biesboer, D. D., Binford, M. W. & Kolata, A. Nitrogen fixation in soils and canals of rehabilitated raised-fields of the bolivian altiplano. Biotropica 31, 255–267 (1999).
Thornton, P., Van de Steeg, J., Notenbaert, A. & Herrero, M. The impacts of climate change on livestock and livestock systems in developing countries: a review of what we know and what we need to know. Agricultural Systems 101, 113–127 (2009).
Edwards, A. C. et al. Farmyards, an overlooked source for highly contaminated runoff. Journal of Environmental Management 87, 551–559 (2008).
Oenema, O., Oudendag, D. & Velthof, G. L. Nutrient losses from manure management in the European Union. Livestock Science 112, 261–272 (2007).
Purse, B. V. et al. Climate change and the recent emergence of bluetongue in Europe. Nature Reviews Microbiology 3, 171–181 (2005).
West, J. Effects of heat-stress on production in dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 86, 2131–2144 (2003).
Payne, W. A review of the possibilities for integrating cattle and tree crop production systems in the tropics. Forest Ecology and Management 12, 1–36 (1985).
Mader, T. L. Environmental stress in confined beef cattle. Journal of Animal Science 81, E110–E119 (2003).
Sommer, S. G. & Hutchings, N. Ammonia emission from field applied manure and its reduction — invited paper. European Journal of Agronomy 15, 1–15 (2001).
Meisinger, J. & Jokela, W. Ammonia volatilization from dairy and poultry manure. Managing nutrients and pathogens from animal agriculture. Natural Resource, Agriculture, and Engineering Service, Ithaca, NY, NRAES-130, 334–354 (2000).
Patterson, P. et al. The potential for plants to trap emissions from farms with laying hens. 1. Ammonia. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research 17, 54–63 (2008).
Malone, G. & Van Wicklen, G. Trees as a vegetative filter. Poultry Digest Online 3, 7 (2001).
Parfitt, J., Barthel, M. & Macnaughton, S. Food waste within food supply chains: quantification and potential for change to 2050. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, 3065–3081 (2010).
James, S. & James, C. The food cold-chain and climate change. Food Research International 43, 1944–1956 (2010).
Vermeulen, S. J., Campbell, B. M. & Ingram, J. S. Climate change and food systems. Annual Review of Environment and Resources 37, 195 (2012).
Haile, M. Weather patterns, food security and humanitarian response in sub-Saharan Africa. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 360, 2169–2182 (2005).
Hanjra, M. A. & Qureshi, M. E. Global water crisis and future food security in an era of climate change. Food Policy 35, 365–377 (2010).
O’Brien, K. L. & Leichenko, R. M. Double exposure: assessing the impacts of climate change within the context of economic globalization. Global Environmental Change 10, 221–232 (2000).
Battisti, D. S. & Naylor, R. L. Historical warnings of future food insecurity with unprecedented seasonal heat. Science 323, 240–244 (2009).
Teixeira, E. I., Fischer, G., van Velthuizen, H., Walter, C. & Ewert, F. Global hot-spots of heat stress on agricultural crops due to climate change. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 170, 206–215 (2013).
Meleux, F., Solmon, F. & Giorgi, F. Increase in summer European ozone amounts due to climate change. Atmospheric Environment 41, 7577–7587 (2007).
Rosenfeld, A. H., Akbari, H., Romm, J. J. & Pomerantz, M. Cool communities: strategies for heat island mitigation and smog reduction. Energy and Buildings 28, 51–62 (1998).
van Vliet, M. T. et al. Vulnerability of US and European electricity supply to climate change. Nature Climate Change 2, 676–681 (2012).
Jaffe, D. A. & Wigder, N. L. Ozone production from wildfires: a critical review. Atmospheric Environment 51, 1–10 (2012).
Levine, J. S. Biomass burning and its inter-relationships with the climate system 15–31 (Springer, 2000).
Baron, J. et al. The interactive effects of excess reactive nitrogen and climate change on aquatic ecosystems and water resources of the United States. Biogeochemistry 114, 71–92 (2013).
O’Hare, M. T. et al. Eutrophication impacts on a river macrophyte. Aquatic Botany 92, 173–178 (2010).
Semadeni-Davies, A., Hernebring, C., Svensson, G. & Gustafsson, L.-G. The impacts of climate change and urbanisation on drainage in Helsingborg, Sweden: combined sewer system. Journal of Hydrology 350, 100–113 (2008).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2015 Dave Reay
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Reay, D. (2015). Nitrogen and Climate Change Adaptation. In: Nitrogen and Climate Change. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137286963_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137286963_14
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-137-28695-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-28696-3
eBook Packages: Palgrave Intern. Relations & Development CollectionPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)