Abstract
“Ages ago a savage mode of keeping accounts on notched sticks was introduced into the Court of the Exchequer,” noted Charles Dickens, referring to a common method of recording debt that had been used since the Middle Ages. Employed especially in agrarian taxation, the split tally stick had finally, in 1825, given way to modern forms of record keeping using pen, ink, and paper. By 1834, these sticks and stocks constituted a vast accumulated archive that was no longer required and had to be destroyed.
It came to pass that they were burnt in a stove in the House of Lords. The stove, overgorged with these preposterous sticks, set fire to the panelling; the panelling set fire to the House of Lords; the House of Lords set fire to the House of Commons; the two houses were reduced to ashes; architects were called in to build others; we are now in the second million of the cost thereof.1
The spirit of old papistical times still lingers in the nooks of those silent walls, like a bad odour in a still atmosphere.
Thomas Hardy, A Laodicean
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Notes
Charles Dickens, Speeches, Letters, and Sayings of Charles Dickens (New York: Harper and Brothers, Publishers, 1870), p. 47.
William Wordsworth, “Lines Written a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey, on Revisiting the Banks of the Wye During a Tour, July 13, 1798,” in Lyrical Ballads 1798 and 1800, eds. Michael Gamer and Dahlia Porter (Toronto: Broadview Editions, 2008), p. 147.
Ronald Brymer Beckett, John Constable and the Fishers: The Record of a Friendship (London: Routledge and Paul, 1952), pp. 123 and 144.
Ronald Paulson, Literary Landscape: Turner and Constable (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982), p. 144.
Bram Stoker, Dracula: Authoritative Text, Contexts, Reviews and Reactions, Dramatic and Film Variations, Criticism, eds. Nina Auerbach and David J. Skal (New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1997), p. 75.
Jane Austen, Northanger Abbey, ed. Marilyn Butler (New York: Penguin Books, 1995), p. 106.
Malcolm Andrews, Landscape and Western Art (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), p. 166.
John Berger, Ways of Seeing (London: British Broadcasting Corporation and Penguin Books Ltd., 1972).
See Edward Said, Orientalism (New York: Vintage Books, 1979). Jonathan Harker has an orientalizing gaze, which is entertained but then denied by the novel as a whole.
Franco Moretti, “Dialectic of Fear,” in Signs Taken for Wonders: On the Sociology of Literary Forms (New York: Verso, 2005), p. 90.
Walter Scott, The Bride of Lammermoor, ed. J. H. Alexander (London: Penguin, 2000).
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, The Communist Manifesto (New York: International Publishers, 1930).
See Bram Dijkstra, Idols of Perversity (New York: Oxford University Press, 1986).
See Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene (Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Co., 2006).
Edward Said, Orientalism (New York: Vintage Books, 1979).
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© 2012 John Twyning
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Twyning, J. (2012). Dracula and Gothic Tourism. In: Forms of English History in Literature, Landscape, and Architecture. Language, Discourse, Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137284709_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137284709_7
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