Skip to main content

Routeing the Commodities of the Empire through Sikkim (1817–1906)

  • Chapter
Global Histories, Imperial Commodities, Local Interactions

Part of the book series: Cambridge Imperial and Post-Colonial Studies Series ((CIPCSS))

Abstract

I begin this chapter by juxtaposing Richard Temple’s comment made in the late 1880s with a question-reply emerging from Tibet:

Why do the British insist on establishing trade-marts? Their goods are coming in from India right up to Lhasa. Whether they have their marts or not things come all the same. The British were merely bent on over-reaching us.2

They sometimes believe, justly perhaps, that commerce follows the flag, and sometimes the flag follows the commerce; therefore they [Tibetans] think that politics has something to do with trade.1

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Bibliography

  • Anonymous, ‘Convention between the Government of Great Britain and Tibet, Signed September 7, 1904’, American Journal of International Law, 1:1 (1907), pp. 80–3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arora, Vibha, ‘Being Nepali in Sikkim’, Contemporary India, 4:1-2 (2005), pp. 127–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bell, C., Tibet: Past and Present, London, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1924.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bell, C., The People of Tibet, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1928.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bell, C., The Religion of Tibet, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1968 [1931].

    Google Scholar 

  • Buchannan, S. W., ‘A Recent Trip to Chumbi Valley, Tibet’, The Geographical Journal, 53:6 (1919), pp. 403–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chung, T., ‘The Britain-China-India Trade Triangle (1771–1840)’, Indian Economic and Social History Review 11:4 (October 1974), pp. 411–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deb, A., ‘George Bogle’s Treaty with Bhutan’, Bulletin of Tibetology, 8:1 (1971), pp. 5–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dolma, Y. M. and T. M. Namgyal, History of Sikkim, unpublished typescript at Namgyal Institute of Tibetology, Gangtok, 1908.

    Google Scholar 

  • Easton, J., An Unfrequented Highway through Sikkim and Tibet to Chumolaori, London: Scholartis Press, 1928.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edgar, J. W., Report on a Visit to Sikhim and the Thibetan Frontier: In October, November and December 1873, Varanasi: Pilgrims Publishers, 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freshfield, D. W., ‘The Roads to Tibet’, The Geographical Journal, 23:1 (1904), pp. 79–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gill, B. G., ‘India’s Trade with Tibet: Early British Attempts’, The Tibet Journal, 25:4 (2000), pp. 78–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenberg, M., British Trade and Opening of China (1800–1842), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hilferding, Rudolf, Finance Capital. A Study of the Latest Phase of Capitalist Development, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1981 [1910].

    Google Scholar 

  • Hobson, John A., Imperialism: A Study, New York: James Pott & Co., 1902.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hooker, J., Himalayan Journals; or, Notes of a Naturalist in Bengal, the Sikkim and Nepal Himalayas, the Khasia Mountains etc., London: Ward, Lock & Bowden, 1891.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lamb, Alastair, British India and Tibet 1766–1910, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lenin, Vladimir, Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism, Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1986 [1917].

    Google Scholar 

  • Luxemburg, Rosa, The Accumulation of Capital, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1951 [1913].

    Google Scholar 

  • Macdonald, D., Touring in Sikkim and Tibet, New Delhi: Asian Educational Services, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  • Markham, C. R., ‘Travels in Great Tibet and Trade between Tibet and Bengal’, Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 19:5 (1874–75), pp. 327–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marshall, P. J., The Making and the Unmaking of the Empires: Britain, India and America c.1750–1783, Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marx, Karl, Capital, London: Penguin, 1981 [1867–94].

    Google Scholar 

  • Marx, Karl and Frederik Engels, ‘The Communist Manifesto’, in J. Timmons Roberts and Amy Hite (eds), From Modernization to Globalisation: Perspectives on Development and Change, Oxford: Blackwell, 2000 [1848].

    Google Scholar 

  • McKay, A., Tibet and the British Raj: The Frontier Cadre 1904–1947, London: Curzon, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Connor, W. F., ‘Pari Jong to Gyantse’, The Geographical Journal, 23:1 (1904), pp. 89–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pinn, F., The Road to Destiny — Darjeeling Letters 1839, Calcutta: Oxford University Press, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rhodes, N. G., ‘The Development of Currency in Tibet’, in M. Aris and K. Aung San Suu Kyi (eds), Tibetan Studies in Honour of Hugh Richardson: Proceedings of the International Seminar on Tibetan Studies, Oxford & Westminster: Aris & Phillips, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  • Risley, H. H. (ed.), The Gazetteer of Sikhim, Calcutta: Bengal Secretariat Press, 1928.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryder, C. H. D., ‘Exploration and Survey with the Tibet Frontier Commission and from Gyantse to Simla via Gartok’, The Geographical Journal, 26:4 (1905), pp. 369–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sen, J., ‘India’s Trade with Central Asia via Nepal’, Bulletin of Tibetology, 1(1972), pp. 21–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma, S. K. and U. Sharma, Documents on Sikkim and Bhutan, Delhi: Anmol Publications, 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, A. K. J., Himalayan Triangle: A Historical Survey of British India’s relations with Tibet, Sikkim and Bhutan, 1765–1950, London: British Library, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, Woodruff D., ‘Complications of the Commonplace: Tea, Sugar, and Imperialism’, Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 23:2 (Autumn 1992), pp. 259–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smythe, F. S., The Kanchenjunga Adventures, Varanasi: Pilgrims Publishing, 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sprigg, R. K., ‘1826: The end of an era in the Social and Political History of Sikkim’, Bulletin of Tibetology, Seminar Volume (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sprigg, R. K., ‘The Lepcha Text of the Deed of Grant of Darjeeling’, Aachuley, 2(1998), pp. 4–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sprigg, R. K., Shedding Some Light on the History, Language and Literature of the Lepchas, Kalimpong: Lepcha Tribal Association, 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  • Temple, R., Travels in Nepal and Sikkim, Kathmandu: Bibliotheca Himalayica, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Spengen, W., Tibetan Border Worlds: A Geohistorical Analysis of Trade and Traders, London: Kegan Paul, 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  • Von Furer-Haimendorf, Christoph, The Sherpas of Nepal: The Buddhist Highlanders, London: John Murray, 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  • Von Furer-Haimendorf, Christoph, Himalayan Highlanders: Life in Highland Nepal, London: John Murray, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waddell, L. A., Among the Himalayas, Kathmandu: Ratna Pustak Bhandar, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker, J. T., ‘Four Years’ Journeying Through Great Tibet, by one of the Trans-Himalayan Explorers of the Survey of India’, Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, 7:2 (1885), pp. 65–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wangyal, S. B., Sikkim and Darjeeling: Division and Deception, Phuentosholing: Bhutan, 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, J. C., Sikhim and Bhutan: Twenty-one Years on the North-East Frontier, 1887–1908, Delhi: Vivek Publishing House, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  • Younghusband, F. E., India and Tibet, London: John Murray, 1910a.

    Google Scholar 

  • Younghusband, F. E., Our Position in Tibet, London: John Murray, 1910b.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2013 Vibha Arora

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Arora, V. (2013). Routeing the Commodities of the Empire through Sikkim (1817–1906). In: Curry-Machado, J. (eds) Global Histories, Imperial Commodities, Local Interactions. Cambridge Imperial and Post-Colonial Studies Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137283603_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137283603_2

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-349-44898-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-137-28360-3

  • eBook Packages: Palgrave History CollectionHistory (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics