Abstract
According to the International Co-operative Alliance (ICA),1 more than eight hundred million people in the world today are organized into cooperatives spanning a diverse array of economic activities.2 To list just a few examples, one out of every three working-age Canadians is a member of at least one cooperative, and that is also the case with one out of three in France, one out of four in Argentina, one out of five in Germany, one out of five in India, one out of ten in Costa Rica, and one out of ten in Colombia.
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Notes
Engels [1842] (1953), “The Condition of the Working Class in England,” in Marx & Engels on Britain, Moscow: Progress Publishers.
F. Bedarida (1976), “El socialismo inglés de 1848 a 1875,” in Historia general del socialismo, Vol. I, Barcelona: Destino, pp. 555–61.
Henry Claude de Rouvroy Saint Simons (1760–1825) was a French aristocrat who strongly criticized private property and the exploiting classes, particularly landlords. He was a firm supporter of creating associations of persons for regulating all social activities, including production.
Robert Owen (1771–1858) was the son of a poor artisan who became the director of a factory in New Lanark, England, which he made into a model of good operations, with measures to benefit the workers (a shorter workday, housing, health, and other services). Owen firmly believed that creating associations without capitalists would help improve the situation of workers and transform society. He founded a colony in the United States called Harmony, which was unsuccessful.
M. Tugan-Baranovsky, Cooperation, Minsk: Pensamiento Publishers, 1988.
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© 2013 Jesús Cruz Reyes and Camila Piñeiro Harnecker
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Reyes, J.C., Harnecker, C.P. (2013). An Introduction to Cooperatives. In: Harnecker, C.P. (eds) Cooperatives and Socialism. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137277756_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137277756_2
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
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