Skip to main content

Aligning the Board: The Chairman’s Secret

  • Chapter
How to Make Boards Work

Abstract

Whilst government response to corporate scandal and market failure has been to spawn ever greater regulation and/or comply or explain protocol, it has also been long recognised that a formulaic approach to governance codes limits the contribution and value the board can offer the business (Steiner, 1972). Even the proponents of role duality, namely the combining of the CEO and chairman roles, argue that adopting an over-structured, rules-driven perspective to the governance of the enterprise limits the board’s stewardship of the firm (Charan, 1998). Equally, the champions of role separation (Leblanc and Gillies, 2005; Lorsch and Zelleke, 2005; Hossack, 2006) acknowledge that keeping the CEO and chairman as two distinct entities is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for board effectiveness. Both the role duality and role separation schools concur that the contribution of the board to the continued future of the organisation is principally dependent on the behaviour, experience and skills of its members.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Alexander, J.A., Fennell, M.L. and Halpern, M.T. (1993) Leadership instability in hospitals: the influence of board-CEO relations and organizational growth and decline, Administrative Science Quarterly, 38: 74–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alexandersson, M. (1994) Method och medvetande (Methods and Consciousness). Goteborg, Sweden: Acta Universitatis Gothobourgensis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Averill, J.R. (1980) A constructivist view of emotion. In R. Plutchik and H. Kellerman (Eds.), Emotion: Theory, Research and Experience, vol. 1, pp. 305–339. New York: Academic Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Barblet, J.M. (2002) Moral indignation, class, inequality and justice: an exploration and revision of Ranulf. Theoretical Criminology, 6(3): 279–297.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barnard, C. (1938) The Functions of the Executive. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bloch, S. (2005) What Makes a Great Board Chair. London: Whitehead Mann Group Report.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boje, D.M. (1991) The storytelling origination: towards a narrative view of strategic discourse. Administrative Science Quarterly, 36(1): 106–126.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bouwen, J. and Overlaet, B. (2001) Managing continuing in a period of takeover. Journal of Management Inquiry, 10(1): 27–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bovens, L. (1999) The two faces of Akratics Anonymous. Analysis, 59(4): 230–236.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brass, D.J. and Burkhardt, M.E. (1993) Potential power and power use: an investigation of structure and behaviour. Academy of Management Journal, 36: 441–470.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brison, S.J. Trauma narratives and the remaking of the self. In M. Bal, J. Crewe and L. Spitzer (Eds.), Acts of Memory: Cultural Recall in the Present, pp. 39–54. Hanover and London: University Press of New England.

    Google Scholar 

  • Butler, J.K., Jr. (1991) Toward understanding and measuring conditions of trust: evolution of a conditions of trust inventory. Journal of Management, 17: 643–663.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Butler, J.K. (1999) Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. New York: Rout ledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cadbury, A. (2002) Corporate Governance and Chairmanship: A Personal View. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Casciaro, T. and Lobo, M.S. (2005) Competent jerks, lovable fools, and the formation of social networks. Harvard Business Review, 82(6): 93–100.

    Google Scholar 

  • Charan, R. (1998) Boards at Work, San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dalton, C. and Dalton, D.R. (2005) Boards of directors: utilizing empirical evidence in developing practical prescriptions. British Journal of Management, 16: S91–S97.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dalton, D.R., Daily, C., Certo, T. and Roengpitya, R. (2003) Meta-analyses of financial performance and equity: Fusion or confusion? Academy of Management Journal, 46: 13–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dasborough, M.T. (2006) Cognitive asymmetry in employee emotional reactions to leadership behaviors. Leadership Quarterly, 17: 163–178.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dennison, D. (1992) Corporate Culture and Organizational Effectiveness, New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fineman, S. (1993) Emotional arenas revisited. In S. Fineman (Ed.), Emotion in Organizations, Thousands Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frijda, N.H. (1986) The Emotions, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gabrielsson, J. and Huse, M. (2004) Context, behaviour & evolution. International Studies of Management & Organisation, 34(2): 11–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glaser, B. and Strauss, A.L. (1967) The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research, Chicago: Aldine.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goleman, D. (1998) What makes a leader?, Harvard Business Review, 92–102.

    Google Scholar 

  • Granovetter, M. (1973) The strength of weak ties. American Journal of Sociology, 78(6):1360–1380.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Granovetter, M. (1985) Economic action and social structure: the problem of embeddedness. American Journal of Sociology, 91: 481–510.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Griffiths, P.E. (2004) Is emotion a natural kind? in R.C. Solomon (Ed.), Thinking about Feeling: Contemporary Philosophers on Emotions, pp. 233–249. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hackman, J.R. and Wageman, R. (2005) A theory or team coaching. Academy of Management Review, 30: 269–287.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, J. and Rolfe, A. (2005) The Role of the FTSE 100 Chairman. London, UK: SpencerStuart.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hambrick, D.C. and Fukutomi, G.D.S. (1991) The seasons of a CEO’s tenure. Academy of Management Review, 16: 719–742.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hardin, R. (1996) Trustworthiness. Ethics, 107: 26–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harter, S. (2002) Authenticity. In C.R. Snyder and S.J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of Positive Psychology, pp. 382–394. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hermalin, B. and Weisbach, M. (1988) The determinants of board composition. RAND Journal of Economics, 19(4): 589–606.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hernandez, M. (2008) Promoting stewardship behavior in organizations: a leadership model. Journal of Business Ethics, 80(1): 121–128.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Herzberg, F., Mausner, B. and Synderman, B. (1959) The Motivation to Work, New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Higgs, D., (2003) Review of the Role and Effectiveness of Non-Executive Directors, London: The Stationery Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hillman, A.J. and Dalziel, T. (2003) Boards of directors and firm performance: integrating agency and resource dependence perspectives. Academy of Management Review, 28: 383–396.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hollanders, N. (2004) Does your chairman need to be Superman? Nature Biotechnology, 22: 131–132.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hossack, R. (2006) Together at the top: the critical relationship between the chairman and the CEO, Ivey Business Journal, Jan/Feb: 1–4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaskiewicz, P. and Klein, S. (2007) The impact of goal alignment on board composition and board size in family businesses. Journal of Business Research, 60: 1080–1089.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jehn, K.A. and Shah, P.P. (1997) Interpersonal relationships and task performance: an examination of mediating processes in friendship and acquaintance groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72: 775–790.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen, M. C. and Meckling, W. (1976) Theory of the firm: managerial behaviour, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4): 305–360.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen, M., and Murphy, K. (1990) Performance pay and top-management incentives. Journal of Political Economy, 98: 225–264.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kahn, B. E., and Isen, A. M. (1993) The influence of positive affect on variety seeking among safe, enjoyable products. Journal of Consumer Research, 20: 257–270.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kahn, W. A. (1992) To be fully there: psychological presence at work. Human Relations, 45(4): 321–349.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kakabadse, A. and Kakabadse, N. (2007) The return of the chairman. Business Strategy Review, 18(4): 52–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kakabadse, A. and Kakabadse, N. (2008) Leading the Board: The Six Disciplines of World-Class Chairman, London: Palgrave.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kakabadse, A. and Kakabadse, N. (2011) Minister of state: transactional politician or transformational leader? British Politics, 6(3): 345–378.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kearney, R. (2002) On Stories. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kemper, T.D. (1978) A Social Interactional Theory of Emotions. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kotter, J. and Heskett, J. (1992) Corporate Culture and Performance. New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Larkin, T.J., and Larkin, S. (1994) Communicating Change — How to Win Employee Support for New Business Directions. New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leblanc, R. (2004) What’s wrong with corporate governance: a note. Corporate Governance, 12(4): 436–441.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leblanc, R. and Gillies, J.M. (2005) Inside the Boardroom: How Boards Really Work and the Coming Revolution in Corporate Governance. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leininger, M.M. (1985) Ethnography and ethnonursing: models and modes of qualitative data analysis. In M.M. Leininger (Ed.), Qualitative Research Methods in Nursing, pp. 33–72. Orlando, FL: Grune & Stratton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levrau, A. and van den Berghe, L. (2007) Identifying Key Determinants of Effective Boards of Directors, Vlerick Leuven Gent Working Paper Series 2007/11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lieblich, A., Tuval-Mashiach, R. and Zibler, T. (1998) Narrative Research, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lorsch, J.W. and Zelleke, A. (2005) Should the CEO be the chairman. MIT Sloan Management Review, 46(2): 70–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mace, M. (1971) Directors: Myth and Reality. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mayer, R.C. Davis, J.H. and Schoorman, F.D. (1995) An integrative model of organizational trust. Academy of Management Review, 20(3): 709–734.

    Google Scholar 

  • McNulty, T., Roberts, J. and Stiles, P. (2003) Creating Accountability Within the Board: The Work of the Non-Executive Director. London: HM DTI and Treasury.

    Google Scholar 

  • Melle-Hernandez, M. (2005) Cómo valora el Mercado de valores español la adopción de planes de opciones sobre acciones para directivos y consejeros? Investigaciones Económicas, 29(1): 73–115.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, D. T. and Nelson, L.D. (2002) Seeing approach motivation in the avoidance behavior of others: implications for an understanding of pluralistic ignorance, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83: 1066–1075.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Minar N., Burkhart, R., Langton, C. and Askenazi, M. (1996) A Toolkit for Building Multi-agent Simulations. Santa Fe Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohrman, S., Cohen, S. and Mohrman, M.A. (1995) Teams and Technology. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Noelle-Neumann, E. (1993) The Spiral of Silence: Public Opinion — Our Social Skin. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearce, B.W. and Pearce, K.A. (2004) Taking a communication perspective on dialogue. In R. Anderson, L.A. Baxter and K.N. Cissna (Eds.), Dialogue. Theorizing Difference in Communication Studies, pp. 39–56. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Pentland, B.T. (1999) Building process theory with narrative: from description to explanation. Academy of Management Review, 24(6): 711–724.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perrow, C. (1961) The analysis of goals in complex organisations, American Sociological Review, 854–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pettigrew, A. and McNulty, T. (1995) Power and influence in and around the boardroom, Human Relation, 48(8): 845–873.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pfeffer, J. (1981) Power in Organizations, Marshfield, MA: Pitman Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reissman, C.K. (1993) Narrative Analysis, Newbury Park: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rempel, J.K., Holmes, J.G. and Zanna, M.P. (1985) ‘Trust in close relationships’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49: 95–112.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, J. and Stiles, P. (1999) The relationship between chairmen and chief executives: competitive or complementary roles? Long Range Planning, 32: 36–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, J., McNulty, T. and Stiles, P. (2005) Beyond agency conceptions of the work of the non-executive director: creating accountability in the boardroom, British Journal of Management, 16 (supplement 1): 5–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberg, M. (2004) Essays on Stock Option Compensation and the Role of Incentives and Risk, Swedish School of Economics and Business Administration.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryfe, D.M. (2006) Narrative and deliberation in small group forums, Journal of Applied Communication Research, 34(1): 72–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Semler, S. W. (1997) Systematic agreement: a theory of organizational alignment. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 8: 23–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shamir, B. and Eilam, G. (2005) What’s your story? — a life-stories approach to authentic. leadership development, The Leadership Quarterly, 16: 395–417.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sias, P.M., Heath, R.G, Perry, T., Silva, D. and Fix, B. (2004) Narratives of workplace friendship deterioration’, Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 21(3): 321–340.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sonnenfeld, J. (2004) Good governance and the misleading myths of bad metrics, Academy of Management Executive, 18, 108–113.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sousa, R.D. (2004) Emotions what I know, what I’d like to think I know, and what I’d like to think. In R.C. Solomon (Ed.), Thinking about Feeling: Contemporary Philosophers on Emotions, pp. 61–75. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steiner, I.D. (1972) Group Process and Productivity. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sundaramurthy, C. and Lewis, M. (2003) Control and collaboration: paradoxes of governance. Academy of Management Review, 28: 397–415.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, J.R. (2001) The rational organization reconsidered: an exploration of some of the organizational implications of self-organizing. Communication Theory, 11: 137–177.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, S.J. and Bogdan, R. (1984) Introduction to Qualitative Research Methods: The Search for Meanings. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watson, M. (2008) Euphoria, Risk and Corporate Scandal: Enron and the Commercial Corruption of Expertise within Financialised Captialism, Working Paper. University of Warwick. Centre for the Study of Globalisation and Regionalisation, Coventry.

    Google Scholar 

  • Westphal, J.D. (1999) Collaboration in the boardroom: behavioral and performance consequences of CEO-board social ties, Academy of Management Journal, 42(1): 7–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Westphal, J.D. and Bednar, M.K. (2005) Pluralistic ignorance in corporate boards and firms’ strategic persistence in response to low firm performance. Administrative Science Quarterly, 50(2): 262–298.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitener, E.M., Brodt, S.E., Korsgaard, M.A. and Werner, J.M. (1998) Managers as initiators of trust: an exchange relationship framework for understanding managerial trustworthy behavior. Academy of Management Review, 23(3): 513–530.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williamson, O.E. (1967) Hierarchical control and optimum firm size. Journal of Political Economy, 75(2): 123–138.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2013 Nada K. Kakabadse, Reeves Knyght and Andrew Kakabadse

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Kakabadse, N.K., Knyght, R., Kakabadse, A. (2013). Aligning the Board: The Chairman’s Secret. In: Kakabadse, A., Van den Berghe, L. (eds) How to Make Boards Work. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137275707_14

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics