Abstract
Colombia is often portrayed as a country plagued by interminable internal conflict. However, behind this pessimistic generalization is a variegated reality of peaceful areas and bloody fighting. In this chapter, we examine specific sectors in Colombia to ask the question: when does sectoral development increase versus decrease conflict? This chapter has a targeted focus on economic sectors typically associated with higher conflict: coffee, oil, plantation agriculture (ranching and African palm), and coca. Our analysis extends to examining the following intervening factors: government policy, commodity prices, the provision of basic services, and overall state presence. We examine in depth case studies to identify the contextual factors that influence the relationship between development of distinct commodities and violence. Finally, what are the lessons learned about how to pursue development opportunities without increasing conflict?
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
ArbelĆ”ez, Maria Angelica, Juan JosĆ© Echavarria, and Alejandro Gaviria. 2002. Colombian long run growth and the crisis of the 1990s. Report submitted to Global Development Network/Interamerican Development Bank Project on āEconomic Growth in Latin America and the Caribbean.ā Byman, Daniel, Peter Chalk, Bruce Hoffman, William Rosenau, and David
Brannan. 2001. Trends in outside support for insurgent movements. Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corporation.
Calado, Fernando, and Diana Medrano. 2006. Prolonged internal displacement: Durable solutions amidst violence in Colombia. In Intra- caribbean migration and the conflict nexus, edited by Taryn Lesser, Berta FernƔndez-Alfaro, Lancelot Cowie, and Nina Bruni. Human Rights Internet, Ottawa, Canada.
Carter, Michael R., and Dina Mesbah. 1993. Can land market reform mitigate the exclusionary aspects of rapid agro-export growth? World Development 21(7): 1085ā1100.
Damiani, Octavio. 2003. Effects on employment, wages, and labor standards of non-traditional export crops in northeast Brazil. Latin American Research Review 38(1): 83ā112.
DANE Departamento Administrativo Nacional de EstadĆstica, 1991ā2007. Cuentas Nacionales Departamentales. Base 1994. SantafĆ© de BogotĆ”.
Deininger, Klaus. 1999. Making negotiated land reform work: Initial experience from Colombia, Brazil, and South Africa. World Development 27(4): 651ā672.
ECLAC (Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean): Cepalstat Database. Available online: http://www.eclac.org/estadisticas/. Accessed December 15, 2011.
Elhawary, Samir. 2008. Violent paths to peace?: Rethinking the conflict-development nexus in Colombia. Colombia International 67: 84ā100.
Escobar, Arturo. 2003. Displacement, development, and modernity in the Colombian Pacific. International Social Science Journal 175(55):157ā167.
Faguet, Jean-Paul, and Fabio SĆ”nchez. 2008. Decentralizationās effects on educational outcomes in Bolivia and Colombia. World Development 36(7): 1294ā1316.
Fearon, James D., and David Laitin. 2003. Ethnicity, insurgency, and civil war. American Political Science Review 97(1): 75ā90.
Galli, Rosemary. 1978. Rural development and social control in Colombia. Latin American Perspectives 5(4): 71ā89.
Goebertus, J. 2008. Palma de aceite y desplazamiento forzado en zona bananera. Colombia Internacional 67: 152ā175.
GonzĆ”lez, FernĆ”n. 2002. āColombia entre la Guerra y la paz. AproximaciĆ³n a una lectura geopolĆtica de la violencia colombiana,ā Revista Venezolana de EconomĆa y Ciencias Sociales 8/2: 13ā49.
Guerrero Baron, J., and D. Mond. 2001. Is the war ending? Premises and hypotheses with which to view the conflict in Colombia. Latin American Perspectives 28(1): 12ā30.
Guterman, Lisa. 2007. Distortions to agricultural incentives in Colombia. Agricultural Distortions Working Paper 14. Washington, DC: World Bank.
Hernandez, Sandra. 2010. Palm oil businessmen arrested over forced displacement in Choco. Colombia Reports, May 20.
Heshusius RodrĆguez, K. 2005. MediciĆ³n del impacto de un programa de reforma agaria en Colombia. CEDE Documento 2005ā28.
Holmes, Jennifer S., Sheila Amin GutĆerrezde PiƱeres, and Kevin Curtin. 2008. Guns, drugs and development in Colombia. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Humphreys, M. 2005. Natural resources, conflict, and conflict resolution. Journal of Conflict Resolution 49(4): 508ā537.
Jaramillo, Carlos Felipe. 2001. Liberalization, crisis, and change: Colombian agriculture in the 1990s. Economic Development and Cultural Change 49(4): 821ā846.
Khan, Mahmood Hasan. 2001. Rural poverty in developing countries implications for public policy. Economic Issues No. 26. International Monetary Fund.
Le Billon, Philippe. 2001. The political ecology of war: Natural resources and armed conflicts. Political Geography 20(5): 561ā584.
LĆ³pez, RamĆ³n. 2003. The policy roots of socioeconomic stagnation and environmental implosion: Latin America 1950ā2000. World Development 31(2): 259ā280.
McLean, P. 2002. Colombia: Failed, failing or just weak? The Washington Quarterly 25(3): 123ā134.
Medina Gallego, C. 1990. Autodefensas, paramilitares y narcotrĆ”fico en Colombia: Origen, desarrollo y consolidaciĆ³n. El caso de Puerto BoyacĆ”. BogotĆ”: Editorial Documentos PeriodĆsticos.
Oslender, Ulrich. 2008. Another history of violence: The production of āgeographies of terrorā in Colombiaās Pacific coast region. Latin American Perspectives 35(5): 77ā102.
Palacios, Paola. 2010. Forced displacement: Legal versus illegal crops. Working Paper. BogotĆ”: Universidad de los Andes.
Pearce, Jenny. 2007. Oil and armed conflict in Casanare, Colombia: Complex contexts and contingent moments. In Oil Wars, edited by Mary Kaldor, Terry Lynn Karl, and Yahia Said, 225ā273. London: Pluto Press.
PĆ©caut, Daniel. 1997. Presente, pasado y futuro de la violencia en Colombia. Desarrollo EconĆ³mico 36(144): 891ā930.
Peceny, Mark, and Michael Durnan. 2006. The FARCās best friend: U.S. antidrug policies and the deepening of Colombiaās civil war in the 1990s Latin American Politics & Society 48(2): 95ā116.
Redcliff, Michael. 1989. The environmental consequences of Latin Americaās agricultural development: Some thoughts on the Brundtland Commission report. World Development 17(3): 365ā377.
Rettberg, Angelika. 2010. Global markets, local conflict violence in the Colombian coffee region after the breakdown of the International Coffee Agreement. Latin American Perspectives 37(2):111ā132.
Richani, N. 1997. The political economy of violence: The war system in Colombia. Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 39(2): 37ā81.
Rochlin, James. 2003. Vanguard revolutionaries in Latin America: Peru, Colombia, Mexico. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
SĆ”nchez, Fabio, Ana Maria DĆaz, and Michel Formisano. 2003. Conflicto, violencia y actividad criminal en Colombia: Un AnĆ”lisis Espacial. Documento CEDE, March 2003ā2005.
Sarmiento, Carlos Miguel Ortiz 1991. Violencia polĆtica de los ochenta: Elementos para una reflexiĆ³n historica. Anuario Colombiano de Historia Social y de la Cultura 18: 245ā280.
Snyder, Richard. 2006. Does lootable wealth breed disorder? a political economy of extraction framework. Comparative Political Studies 39(8): 943ā968.
Snyder, Richard, and Ravi Bhavnani. 2005. Diamonds, blood, and taxes: A revenue-centered framework for explaining political order. Journal of Conflict Resolution 49(4): 563ā597.
Trujillo, E., and M. E. Badel. 1997. Los costos econĆ³micos de la criminalidad y la violencia en Colombia: 1991ā1996. PlaneaciĆ³n y Desarrollo 28(4): 266ā308.
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Various years. Colombia: Monitoreo de cultivos de coca.
Williams, Robert G. 1986. Export agriculture and the crisis in Central America. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
World Bank. 2004. Colombia land policy in transition. Report No. 27942-CO.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
Ā© 2012 William Ascher and Natalia Mirovitskaya
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Holmes, J.S., de PiƱeres, S.A.G. (2012). Violence and Sectoral Development in Colombia. In: Ascher, W., Mirovitskaya, N. (eds) Economic Development Strategies and the Evolution of Violence in Latin America. Politics, Economics, and Inclusive Development. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137272690_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137272690_4
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, New York
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-44494-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-27269-0
eBook Packages: Palgrave Political & Intern. Studies CollectionPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)