Enhancing Causal Inference in Comparisons

Abstract

The previous chapter showed that cross-case comparisons tend to be plagued by manifest problems connected with the generation of unambiguous causal inferences. Being cognizant of these problems, the small-n literature made several recommendations that aim at improving cross-case comparisons (King et al. 1994, 208–13; Lijphart 1971, 686–90). The present chapter serves to discuss the potential of these and additional instruments for the enhancement of cross-case inferences. It starts with the problem of suboptimal comparisons and relates them to the multidimensional nature of cases. It is shown how one can invoke these dimensions in the construction of comparisons in order to approach as closely as possible the envisaged ideal design.