Skip to main content

The Rise and Rise of the Global Anti-Corruption Movement

  • Chapter
  • 453 Accesses

Part of the book series: Political Corruption and Governance series ((PCG))

Abstract

Corruption has been around since time immemorial, but systematic attempts to try and counteract it have not. On the contrary, what its supporters often call the ‘global anti-corruption movement’ and critics the ‘anti-corruption industry’ is a relatively new phenomenon. Indeed, it may well be possible to pinpoint the birth of cross-national attempts to co-ordinate analysis of, and responses to, corruption to one date; the 1st of October 1996. Not that attempts to tackle corruption started precisely then, but when James Wolfensohn, the then head of the World Bank, stood up and gave a speech denouncing what he termed the ‘cancer of corruption’, it became clear that for the international policy community tackling corruption was moving centre-stage.1

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Notes

  1. S. Sampson (2008), ‘Corruption and anti-corruption in South-East Europe: Landscapes and sites’, in L. de Sousa, P. Larmour and B. Hindess (eds) Governments, NGOs and Anti-Corruption: The New Integrity Warriors (London: Routledge), p. 175. For the speech itself see IMF (1996), ‘Summary Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Board of Governors’ (Washington D.C.: IMF), p.27. Available at http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/SUMMARY/51/pdf/part01.pdf, accessed on 5 December 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  2. See for example S. Sampson (2007), Can the World Bank Do the Right Thing? When Anti-Corruption Movements Become Anti-Corruption Budget Lines, paper for American Anthropological Association annual meeting, Washington D.C., November 2007. Available at http://www.lunduniversity.lu.se/o.o.i.s?id=12683&postid=1146197, accessed on 6 December 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  3. M. Johnston (2006), ‘From Thucydides to Mayor Daley: Bad politics, and a culture of corruption’, P.S. Political Science and Politics, 39 (4): 809.

    Google Scholar 

  4. See for example N. Leff (1964), ‘Economic development through bureaucratic corruption’, American Behavioral Scientist, 8 (3): 8–14

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. D.H. Bayley (1966), ‘The effects of corruption in a developing nation’, Western Political Quarterly, 19 (4): 719–732.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. P. Perry (1997), Political Corruption and Political Geography (Aldershot: Ashgate), p.38.

    Google Scholar 

  7. S. Huntington (1968), Political Order in Changing Societies (New Haven: Yale University Press), p.59.

    Google Scholar 

  8. See also E. Brown and J. Cloke (2004), ‘Neoliberal reform, governance and corruption in the south: Assessing the international anti-corruption crusade’, Antipode, 36 (2): 280.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. E. Harrison (2007), ‘Corruption’, Development in Practice, 17 (4/5): 675.

    Google Scholar 

  10. For analysis of some of these see M.J. Bull and J. Newell (eds) (2003), Corruption in Contemporary Politics (Basingstoke: Palgrave).

    Google Scholar 

  11. See C. Hotchkiss (1998), ‘The sleeping dog stirs: New signs of life in efforts to end corruption in international business’, Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, 17 (1), 108–115

    Google Scholar 

  12. K.A. Elliot (2002), ‘Corruption as an international policy problem’, in A.J. Heidenheimer and M. Johnston (eds) Political Corruption: Concepts and Contexts (New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers), pp.925–941

    Google Scholar 

  13. D. Schmidt (2007), ‘Anti-corruption: What do we know? Research on preventing corruption in the post-communist world’, Political Studies Review, 5 (2): 202–232.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. R. Williams (2000), ‘Introduction’, in R. Williams and A. Doig (eds) Controlling Corruption (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, volume 4), p.xiii.

    Google Scholar 

  15. S. Andersson and P.M. Heywood (2009), ‘The politics of perception: Use and abuse of Transparency International’s approach to measuring corruption’, Political Studies, 57 (4): 746.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. M. Johnston (2005a), ‘Measuring the new corruption rankings: Implications for analysis and reform’, in A.J. Heidenheimer and M. Johnston (eds) Political Corruption: Concepts and Contexts (London: Transaction Publishers), pp.865–884.

    Google Scholar 

  17. S. Sampson (2010), ‘Diagnostics: Indicators and transparency in the anti-corruption industry’, in S. Jansen, E. Schroeter and N. Stehr (eds) Transparenz: multidisziplinaere Durchsichten durch Phoenomene und Theorien des Undurchsichtigen (Wiesbaden: VS Verlag), p.102.

    Google Scholar 

  18. S. Knack (2007), ‘Measuring corruption: A critique of indicators in Eastern Europe and Central Asia’, Journal of Public Policy, 27 (3): 263–265

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. T. Thompson and A. Shah (2005), Transparency International’s Corruption Perceptions Index: Whose Perceptions are They Anyway? (Washington D.C.: World Bank).

    Google Scholar 

  20. See for example D. Kaufmann, A. Kraay and M. Mastruzzi (2007), The Worldwide Governance Indicators Project: Answering the Critics (Washington D.C.: World Bank), p.1.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  21. See A. Lopez-Claros, M.E. Porter, and K. Schwab (2005), Global Competitiveness Report, 2005–2006: Policies Underpinning Rising Prosperity (Basing-stoke: Palgrave Macmillan)

    Google Scholar 

  22. IMD (2005), World Competitiveness Yearbook, 2005 (Lausanne: IMD), available at http://www01.imd.ch/wcc/ranking/, accessed on 7 December 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  23. See http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/ and http://rechten.uvt.nl/icvs/pdffiles/ICVS2004_05.pdf, both accessed on 7 December 2011. See also J. Svensson (2005), ‘Eight questions about corruption’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 19 (3), 19–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. See for example B. Michael (2007), The Rise and Fall of the Anti-Corruption Industry: Toward Second Generation Anti-Corruption Reforms in Central and Eastern Europe (Paris: France); E. Brown and J. Cloke (2004), p.274; S. Sampson (2008), p.170.

    Google Scholar 

  25. H. Moroff and D. Schmidt-Pfister (2010), ‘Anti-corruption movements, mechanisms and machines — an introduction’, Global Crime, 11 (2): 90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. B. Michael and D. Bowser (2009), The Evolution of the Anti-Corruption Industry in the Third Wave of Anti-Corruption Work (New York: Columbia University), p.1

    Google Scholar 

  27. B. Michael (2004), ‘The rapid rise of the anti-corruption Industry’, Local Governance Brief (Budapest: Open Society Institute).

    Google Scholar 

  28. S. Sampson (2008), p.171. See also A. Mungiu-Pippidi (2006), ‘Corruption: Diagnosis and treatment’, Joumal of Democracy, 17 (3): 86–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. D. Kaufmann (2009), ‘Aid effectiveness and governance: The good, the bad and the ugly’, Development Outreach (Washington D.C.: World Bank Institute, February), p.27.

    Google Scholar 

  30. J. Hopkin (2002), ‘States, markets and corruption: A review of some recent literature’, Review of International Political Economy, 9 (3): 574–576.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. J. Hopkin, (2002), p.577. See also J. Buchanan, R. Tollison and G. Tullock (eds) (1980) Toward a Theory of the Rent-Seeking Society (College Station: Texas A & M Press).

    Google Scholar 

  32. A. Downs (1957), An Economic Theory of Democracy (New York: Harper and Row).

    Google Scholar 

  33. N. Zhong (2010), The Causes, Consequences and Cures of Corruption: A Review of Issues (Hong Kong: The Chinese University of Hong Kong), p.l. Available at http://www.usc.cuhk.edu.hk/PaperCollection/webmanager/wkfiles/7489_1_paper.pdf, accessed on 7 December 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  34. A. Alesina and G-M. Angeletos (2005), ‘Corruption, inequality and fairness’, Journal of Monetary Economics, 52 (7): 1241.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. See for example S. Rose-Ackerman (1978), Corruption: A Study in Political Economy (New York: Academic Press)

    Google Scholar 

  36. C. Rowley, R. Tollison and G. Tullock (eds) (1989), The Political Economy of Rent-Seeking (Boston: Kluwer)

    Google Scholar 

  37. S. Rose-Ackerman (1999), Corruption and Government: Causes, Consequences and Reform (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  38. V. Tanzi (2000b), Policies, Institutions and the Dark Side of Economics (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar).

    Google Scholar 

  39. J. Saxton (1999), Can IMF Lending Promote Corruption? (Washington D.C.: US Congress, Joint Economic Committee), p.1.

    Google Scholar 

  40. See United Nations (1996), General Assembly Declaration Against Corruption and Bribery in International Commercial Transactions, Document A/RES/51/191. Available at http://www.un.org/documents/ga/res/51/a51r191.htm, accessed on 8 December 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  41. See also M. Bukovansky (2006), ‘The hollowness of anti-corruption discourse’, Review of International Political Economy, 13 (2): 186–187.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. See for example International Monetary Fund (1997b), IMF Adopts Guidelines Regarding Governance Issues (Washington D.C.: IMF News Brief, No. 97/15), available at http://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/nb/1997/NB9715.HTM, accessed on 8 December 2011

    Google Scholar 

  43. P. Mauro (1995), ‘Corruption and growth’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110(3): 681–712

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. P. Mauro (1997) Why Worry About Corruption? (Washington D.C.: IMF, Economic Issues Series, Number 6)

    Google Scholar 

  45. A. Shleifer and R.W. Vishny (1993), ‘Corruption’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 108 (3): 599–617

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. V. Tanzi (1994), Corruption, Government Activities and Markets (Washington D.C.: IMF, Working Paper 94/99)

    Google Scholar 

  47. V. Tanzi and H. Davoodi (1998), Roads to Nowhere: How Corruption in Public Investment Hurts Growth (Washington D. C: IMF, Economic Issues Series, number 12)

    Google Scholar 

  48. F. Vogl (1998), ‘The supply side of global bribery’, Finance and Development, 35 (2): 55–64.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Interim Committee Declaration (1996a), Partnership for Sustainable Global Growth (Washington D.C.: IMF)

    Google Scholar 

  50. See also International Monetary Fund (1997a) The Role of the IMF in Governance Issues — Guidance Note (Washington D.C.: IMF), available at http://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/nb/1997/NB9715.HTM, accessed on 8 December 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  51. M. Bukovansky (2006), p.190. See also International Monetary Fund (2003), IMF and Good Governance: A Factsheet (Washington D.C.: IMF), available at http://www.imf.org/external/np/exr/facts/gov.htm, accessed on 8 December 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  52. See C. Schiller (2000), Improving Governance and Fighting Corruption: An IMF Perspective (Washington D.C.: IMF) for a good summary of what the IMF believes corruption’s negative effects to be. Available on http://www.oas.org/juridico/english/imf2000.htm, accessed on 8 December 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  53. V. Tanzi (1994); V. Tanzi (1998), Corruption Around the World: Causes, Consequences, Scope and Cures (Washington D.C.: IMF, Working Paper 98/63), pp.3 and 10–16.

    Google Scholar 

  54. A significant body of research rejected this even before the Bank started talking explicitly about corruption. See for example D. Gillies (1996), ‘Human rights, democracy and good governance: Stretching the World Bank’s policy frontiers’, in J. Griesgraber and B. Gunter (eds) The World Bank: Lending on a Global Scale (London: Pluto Press), pp.104–141

    Google Scholar 

  55. M. Miller-Adams (1999), The World Bank: New Agendas in a Changing World (London: Routledge).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  56. H. Marquette (2004), ‘The creeping politicisation of the World Bank: The case of corruption’, Political Studies, 52(3): 413

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. World Bank (1997), Helping Countries Combat Corruption: The Role of the World Bank (Washington D.C.: World Bank), p.2.

    Google Scholar 

  58. See M. Szeftel (1998), ‘Misunderstanding African politics: Corruption and the governance agenda’, Review of African Political Economy, 76: 221–240; E. Brown and J. Cloke (2004), p.289.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. S. Riley (1998), ‘The political economy of anti-corruption strategies in Africa’, in M. Robinson (ed.) Corruption and Development (London: Frank Cass), p.138.

    Google Scholar 

  60. H. Marquette (2004), p.413. See also H. Marquette (2003), Corruption, Development and Politics: The Role of the World Bank (Basingstoke: Palgrave).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  61. A. Shah (2007), ‘Tailoring the fight against corruption to country circumstances’, in A. Shah (ed.) Performance Accountability and Combating Corruption (Washington D.C.: World Bank), p.234.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Copyright information

© 2013 Dan Hough

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hough, D. (2013). The Rise and Rise of the Global Anti-Corruption Movement. In: Corruption, Anti-Corruption and Governance. Political Corruption and Governance series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137268716_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics