Skip to main content

CSR to Increase Access to Medicines: Lessons and Opportunities for the Middle East

  • Chapter
CSR in the Middle East
  • 360 Accesses

Abstract

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) aimed at increasing access to medicines (ATM) has recently witnessed evolutionary and revolutionary changes, both at the conceptual and implementation levels. Indeed, with the global burden of disease shifting from acute to chronic diseases, the philanthropy based model of CSR that responds to short-term ATM needs becomes insufficient to mitigate ATM for chronic conditions. New CSR options, strategic to business revenues and therefore sustained by the private sector, could provide longer-term ATM solutions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Antoun J, Phillips F and Johnson T (2011). Post-Soviet Transition: Improving Health Services Delivery and Management. Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine 78 (3): 436–448.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Armendariz B and Morduch J (2004). MicroFinance: Where Do We Stand? Financial Development and Economic Growth: Explaining the Links, The Economics of Microfinance (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • The Basic Law of Saudi Arabia, Chapter 5, article 31. http://www.mideastinfo.com/documents/Saudi_Arabia_Basic_Law.htm

  • Brogan D and Mossialos E (2006). Applying the Concepts of Financial Options to Stimulate Vaccine Development. Nature Reviews: Drug Discovery 5: 641–647.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cameron A, Ewen M, Ross-Degnan D, Ball D and Laing R (2009). Medicine Prices, Availability, and Affordability in 36 Developing and Middle-Income Countries: A Secondary Analysis. Lancet 373: 240–249.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Commission of the European Communities (2001). Green Paper Promoting a European framework for Corporate Social Responsibility, Com (2001) 366 final, Brussels, 18th July.

    Google Scholar 

  • Commission of the European Communities (2002). Communication from the Commission concerning Corporate Social Responsibility: A Business Contribution To Sustainable Development, COM (2002) 347 final, Brussels, 2nd July.

    Google Scholar 

  • Danzon P, Towse A and Mulcahy A (2011). Pharmaceutical Pricing in Rich and Poor Countries: Setting Cost-Effectiveness Thresholds as a Means to Achieve Appropriate Drug Pricing. Health Affairs 30 (8): 1529–1538.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Department for International Development (DFID) (2004). Increasing Access to Essential Medicines in the Developing World, London, UK.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duffau A and Pedregal V (2009). To What Extent Does Non Profit Private Micro Health Insurance Help Improve Public Health Care? Field Actions Science Reports, 3. http://factsreports.revues.org/360, accessed 23 April 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedman M (1970). The Social Responsibility of Business It to Increase its Profits. New York Times Magazine, September 13, 1970, 33, 126.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gelders S, Ewen M, Noguchi N and Laing R (2005). Price, Availability, and Affordability: An International Comparison of Chronic Disease Medicines. Background Report Prepared for the WHO Planning Meeting on the Global Initiative for Treatment of Chronic Diseases, Cairo Egypt. World Health Organization and Health Action International; Cairo 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  • GlaxoSmithKline Corporate Responsibility Report (2010). http://www.gsk.com/responsibility/cr-report-2010/access-to-medicines/future-plans/

  • Goroff M and Reich MR (2010). Partnerships to Provide Care and Medicine For Chronic Diseases: A Model For Emerging Markets. Health Affairs December 29:122206–122213.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hale V, Woo K and Lipton HL (2005). Oxymoron No More: The Potential of Nonprofit Drug Companies to Deliver on the Promise of Medicines to the Developing World. Health Affairs 24(4): 1057–1063.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hunt P (2007). Human Rights Guidelines for Pharmaceutical Companies in Relation to Access to Medicines. Draft for consultation prepared by the UN Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanavos PL, Seeley E and Vandoros S (2009). Tender Systems for Outpatient Pharmaceuticals in the European Union: Evidence from the Netherlands, Germany and Belgium. European Commission.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kotler P and Lee N (2005). Corporate Social Responsibility: Doing the Most Good for Your Company and Your Cause (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee M and Kohler J (2010). Benchmarking and Transparency: Incentives for the Pharmaceutical Industry’s Corporate Social Responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics 95: 641–658.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lichtenberg F (2003). The Impact of New Drug Launches on Longevity: Evi-dence from Longitudinal Disease-level Data from 52 Countries, 1982–2001. NBER Working Paper No. 9754.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Mendis S, Fukino K, Cameron A, Laing R, Filipe A, Khatib O, et al. (2007). The Availability and Affordability of Selected Essential Medicines for Chronic Diseases in Six Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 85 (4): 279–288.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Misra A and Khurana L (2008). Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome in Developing Countries. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 93 (suppl. 1): S9–S30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Philanthropist News Digest (PND) (2011). Ellen and Douglas Rosenberg Foundation Awards $3.5 Million for Alzheimer’s Drug Development. Febru-ary 4, 2011 accessed at: http://foundationcenter.org/pnd/news/story.jhtml?id= 325400003

  • Pollio G and Obuobie J (2010). Microfinance Default Rates in Ghana: Evi-dence from Individual-Liability Credit Contracts. Microfinance Information Exchange. http://www.themix.org/publications/microbanking-bulletin/2010/1 1/microfinance-default-rates-ghana-evidence-individual-liab

    Google Scholar 

  • Popkin BM (2008). Will China’s Nutrition Transition Overwhelm Its Health Care System and Slow Economic Growth? Health Affairs July/August 27(4): 1064–1076. http://content.healthaffairs.org/cgi/reprint/27/4/1064.pdf

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts MJ, Hsiao W, Berman P and Reich MR (2004). Getting Health Reform Right: A Guide to Improving Performance and Equity (New York: Oxford University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts MJ and Reich MR (2002). Ethical Analysis in Public Health. The Lancet 359: 1055–1059.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shaw B and Post F (1993). A Moral Basis for Corporate Philanthropy. Journal of Business Ethics 12 (10): 745–751.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shaw JE, Sicree RA and Zimmet PZ (2009). Global Estimates of the Prevalence of Diabetes for 2010 and 2030. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 87: 4–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shepard Al (2010). Generic Medicines: Essential Contributors to the Long-Term Health of Society. IMS Health. http://www.imshealth.com/imshealth/Global/Content/Document/Market_Measurement_TL/Generic_Medicines_ GA.pdf

    Google Scholar 

  • Sorenson C (2010). Use of Comparative Effectiveness Research in Drug Coverage and Pricing Decisions: A Six-Country Comparison (New York: The Commonwealth Fund).

    Google Scholar 

  • The United Nations (UN) (2005). Prescription for Healthy Development: Increasing Access to Medicines. http://www.unmillenniumproject.org/documents/TF5-medicines-Complete.pdf

    Google Scholar 

  • Wirtz V, Kaplan W, Téllez Y and Ridaura R (2011). Affordable, Quality, Long-Term Care and Pharmacotherapy of Chronic Diseases: A Framework for Low and Middle Income Countries. Report Commissioned by The Alliance for Health Policy and System Research. World Health Organization, Geneva.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) (2002). The Business Case for Sustainable Development: Making a Difference Towards the Johannesburg Summit 2002 and Beyond. World Business Council for Sustainable Development, Geneva, Switzerland.

    Google Scholar 

  • The World Health Organization (WHO) (2011). The World Medicines Situation: Medicines Prices, Availability and Affordability. http://www.who.int/medicines/areas/policy/world_medicines_situation/WMS_ch6_wPricing_ v6.pdf

    Google Scholar 

  • The World Health Organization and Health Action International (WHO and HAI) (2007). Medicine Prices in Egypt; Unpublished Report submitted at the WHO/HAI Post-Medicine Price Survey Workshop. Cairo, Egypt.

    Google Scholar 

  • Xu K, Evans DB, Kawabata K, Zeramdini R, Klavus J and Murray CJL (2003). Household Catastrophic Health Expenditure: A Multicountry Analysis. Lancet 362: 111–117.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2012 the contributors

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Antoun, J. (2012). CSR to Increase Access to Medicines: Lessons and Opportunities for the Middle East. In: Jamali, D., Sidani, Y. (eds) CSR in the Middle East. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137266200_4

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics