Skip to main content

Mobilizing Collective Networks to Enable Individual Success: The Case of Middle-class Indian Women Employed in Information Technology

  • Chapter
Women and Fluid Identities

Abstract

This chapter examines how Indian women’s collective networks mobilize to accommodate their new identities as individualized workers in the transnational information technology industry while they retain their traditional place in the family. The information technology (IT) industry is considered a poster child for globalization in India. Its growth was facilitated by the economic reforms of 1991. Following these reforms, several multinational IT companies set up offshore development centres in India, while domestic companies developed an international network of clients and customers. The IT industry enabled India to enter international markets and Western companies to enter India. This led to the creation of a large number of jobs offering unprecedented salaries, exposure to international markets, and hi-tech work environments: a new sub-class was formed — the information technology workforce. The industry directly employs 1.6 million people while providing indirect employment to another 6 million in related industries (NASSCOM 2007). Women currently form about 30 to 35 per cent of the information technology workforce (see Nayare Ali, 2007 and Ramalingam, 2007). The IT industry aims to further increase their numbers.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Adkins, L. (2000) ‘Objects of Innovation: Post-occupational Reflexivity and Re-traditionalisations of Gender’. In Transformations: Thinking Through Feminism, edited by S. Ahmed, J. Kilby, C. Lury, M. McNeil, and B. Skeggs. New York and London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Afshar, H. (1989) ‘Gender Roles and the “Moral Economy of Kin” amongst Pakistani Women in West Yorkshire’. New Community 15(2): 211–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Awaya, T. (2003) ‘Becoming a Female Citizen in Colonial Kerala’. In Perspectives from Asia and the Pacific, edited by Y. Hayami, A. Tanabe, and Y Tokia-Tanabe. Kyoto and Melbourne: Kyoto University Press and Trans Pacific Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Belliappa, J. (2009) ‘Relational Identities: Middle Class Indian Women Negotiate the Consequences of Late Modernity and Globalization’. PhD Thesis. York: University of York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Béteille, A. (1993) ‘The Family and the Reproduction of Inequality’. In Family, Kinship and Marriage in India, edited by P. Uberoi. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeVault, M. L. (1999) ‘Comfort and Struggle: Emotion Work in Family Life’. Annals of American Academy of Political and Social Science 561: 52–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • di Leonardo, M. (1987) ‘The Female World of Cards and Holidays: Women, Families, and the Work of Kinship’. Signs 12(3): 440–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chatterjee, P. (1989) ‘The Nationalist Resolution of the Women’s Question’. In Recasting Women: Essays on Colonial History, edited by K. Sangar and S. Vaid. New Delhi: Kali for Women.

    Google Scholar 

  • Healey, L. (1994) ‘Modernity, Identity and Construction of Malay Womanhood’. In Modernity and Identity: Asian Illustrations, edited by A. Gomes. Victoria: La Trobe University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hochschild, A. R. with A. Machung. (1989) The Second Shift: Working Parents and the Revolution at Home. New York: Penguin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hochschild, A. R. (1997) The Time Bind: When Work Becomes Home and Home Becomes Work. New York: Henry Holt.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jayawardena, J. (2002) Cultural Construction of the ‘Sinhala Woman’ and Women’s Lives in Post-Independence Sri Lanka. PhD Dissertation. York: University of York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kakar, S. (1988) ‘Feminine Identity in India’. In Women in Society: A Reader, edited by R. Ghadially. New Delhi: Sage Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Karve, I. [1967]/(1993) ‘The Kinship Map of India’. In Family, Kinship and Marriage in India, edited by P. Uberoi. Delhi: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krishna, A., and V. Brihamadesam. (2006) ‘What Does it Take to Become a Software Professional?’ Economic Political Weekly 41(30): 3307–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liddle, J., and R. Joshi. (1986) Daughters of Independence. London: Zed Books and New Delhi: Kali for Women.

    Google Scholar 

  • Madan, T. N. (1993) ‘The Structural Implications of Marriage Alliances in North India: Wife-givers and Wife-takers among the Pandits of Kashmir’. In Family, Kinship and Marriage in India, edited by P. Uberoi. Delhi: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKinsey Global Institute. (2007) Bird of Gold: The Rise of India’s Consumer Market. McKinsey & Company. Available at http://www.mckinsey.com/mgi/reports/pdfs/india_consumer_market/MGI_india_consumer_full_report.pdf

    Google Scholar 

  • National Association of Software and Services Companies (NASSCOM). (2007) Crossing Milestones: India’s IT-BPO Industry Comes of Age Issue No. 69. NASSCOM Gender Inclusivity Initiative Overview. Available at http://www.nasscom.in/Nasscom/templates/LandingPage.aspx?id=53660Nayare

    Google Scholar 

  • Ali. (2006) ‘Hi Tech Women’. Asian Age. Available at http://www.nasscom.in/Nasscom/templates/NormalPage.aspx?id=49604

    Google Scholar 

  • Pocock, B. (2003) The Work/Life Collision: What Work Is Doing to Australians and What to Do about It. Sydney: The Federation Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pollard, L. (2005) Nurturing the Nation: The Family Politics of Modernizing, Colonizing and Liberating Egypt. (1805/1923) Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Ramalingam, A. (2007) ‘It’s a Woman’s World’. The Sunday Times of India. 11 March 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenthal, C. J. (1985) ‘Kinkeeping in the Familial Division of Labor’. Journal of Marriage and the Family 47(4): 965–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shah, A. M. (1973) The Household Dimension of the Family in India: A Field Study in a Gujarat Village and a Review of Other Studies. New Delhi: Orient Longman and Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Talwar, V. (1989) ‘Feminist Consciousness in Women’s Journals in Hindi: 1910–1920’. In Recasting Women: Essays on Colonial History, edited by K. Sangari and S. Vaid. New Delhi: Kali for Women.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tokita-Tanabe, Y. (2003) ‘Aesthetics of Female Self: Modernity and Cultural Agency of Urban Middle-class Women in Orissa’. In Gender and Modernity: Perspectives from Asia and the Pacific, edited by Y. Hayami, A. Tanabe, and Y. Tokita-Tanabe. Kyoto and Melbourne: Kyoto University Press and Trans Pacific Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thapan, M. (2004) ‘Embodiment and Identity in Contemporary Society: Femina and the “New” Indian Woman’. Contributions to Indian Sociology 38(3): 415–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Upadhya, C., and A. R. Vasavi (2006). Work, Culture and Sociality in the Indian IT Industry: A Sociological Study. Final report submitted to Indo-Dutch Programme for Alternatives in Development. Available at http://silk.arachnis.com/anthro/NIAS-IDPAD%20IT%20Study%20Fina1%20Report.pdf

    Google Scholar 

  • Wajcman, J. (1998) Managing Like a Man: Women and Men in Corporate Management. Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania State University Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2012 Jyothsna Belliappa

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Belliappa, J. (2012). Mobilizing Collective Networks to Enable Individual Success: The Case of Middle-class Indian Women Employed in Information Technology. In: Afshar, H. (eds) Women and Fluid Identities. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137265302_4

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics