Abstract
The last decades have witnessed a profound transformation in the ways that states perceive and politically confront the cross-border movement of people. States keep insisting on their authority and independence in determining who is allowed to stay, who can work and who becomes a permanent resident or a new citizen. However, confronted with increased mobility and migration trends worldwide, and with what they perceive as a challenge or a threat to their sovereignty, states have started to engage more actively in multilateral consultations with the stated purpose of finding common answers and solutions. In this context, international organizations (IOs) such as the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) have been able to strengthen their roles and capabilities. At the same time there has been a visible growth in the number of new policy actors in the area of mobility politics, examples include specialized regional agencies (e.g. the European Union border agency Frontex); international and local nongovernmental organizations (I/NGOs); migrant and diaspora groups; individual experts; business corporations; and private security providers — actors of different origins and orientations that assist states while alsofollowing their own agendas and vested interests within the framework of a newly emerging political economy of mobility management (or “migration industry”: Betts, 2013; Hernández-León, 2013).
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Geiger, M. (2013). The Transformation of Migration Politics. In: Geiger, M., Pécoud, A. (eds) Disciplining the Transnational Mobility of People. International Political Economy Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137263070_2
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