Abstract
When the British pediatrician and psychoanalyst D. W. Winnicott wrote, in 1959, that “the psychoanalyst can be looked upon … as a specialist in history-taking,” and went on to say that “this history-taking is a very involved process,” he was saying several things at once, some startling and some not, and some perhaps of interest to the historian as well as to the psychoanalyst.2 The traditional history-taking of the medical specialist involves the asking and the answering of a series of pertinent questions with a view to appropriate treatment. The purpose of this oral history, which then becomes written history in the form of the patient’s “notes,” is clear: it doesn’t, as a psychoanalysis sometimes does, take many years, and it doesn’t include the prescription that the patient should say whatever comes into his head, without regard for narrative coherence. And, of course, in medicine history-taking is a prelude to and a precondition of the treatment. What Winnicott was saying was that the psychoanalyst was a specialist in history-taking because the treatment of psychoanalysis was an extended history-taking. The history-taking— that becomes, of course, a history remaking—is the treatment. The question then becomes—and it was a question not initiated by Freud, but followed up by Freud from a confluence of selected nineteenth-century historiography and the then contemporary psychiatry—what is it that history-taking treats? And how does the taking and making of history work, involving as it does in psychoanalysis the making (and breaking) of links between the past and the present?
It may be all right morally but there is a serious and rather ordinarily mysterious sense in which life in the present is constantly in thrall to its ever-ongoing outcomes and is continually reshaped, too late, by what contingently it leads to.
—Philip Davis, Why Victorian Literature Still Matters1
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Notes
Philip Davis, Why Victorian Literature Still Matters (Oxford: Wiley Blackwell, 2008), 8.
Donald Winnicott, The Maturational Processes and the Facilitating Environment (London: Hogarth Press, 1965), 132.
Donald Winnicott, Deprivation and Delinquency (London: Tavistock Publications, 1984), 233.
Mark Phillips, “Rethinking Historical Distance,” paper delivered to the symposium, “Historical Distance and the Shaping of the Past,” Kings College London, June 26–27, 2009. The proceedings of this conference appear in Mark Salber Phillips, Barbara Caine, and Julia Adeney Thomas, eds., Rethinking Historical Distance: An Interdisciplinary Perspective (London: Palgrave, 2012). Mark Phillips, Bringing the Distant Near; Historical Distance in the Renaissance, the Enlightenment, and the Twentieth Century is forthcoming with Yale University Press.
Anna Freud, The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defence (London: Hogarth Press, 1937), 47.
Pierre Bourdieu, Science of Science and Reflexivity, trans. Richard Nice (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004), 73.
Jean Laplanche and J. B. Pontalis, The Language of Psychoanalysis, trans. Donald Nicholson-Smith (London: Hogarth Press, 1973), 111.
Raymond Guess, Philosophy and Real Politics (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2008), 68.
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© 2012 Sally Alexander and Barbara Taylor
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Phillips, A. (2012). Keeping Our Distance. In: Alexander, S., Taylor, B. (eds) History and Psyche. Palgrave Studies in Cultural and Intellectual History. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137092427_11
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137092427_11
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