Skip to main content

Extraction, Regional Integration, and the Enduring Problem of Local Political Spaces

  • Chapter
New Political Spaces in Latin American Natural Resource Governance

Part of the book series: Studies of the Americas ((STAM))

Abstract

The marches and strikes against road construction and gas extraction in Bolivia’s Isiboro Secure National Park and Indigenous Territory (TIPNIS) nature reserve, widely publicized in the international media in the summer and early fall of 2011, brought out the contradictions of the Morales presidency for the world to see. The champion of indigenous rights and self-proclaimed “instrument of the people” was challenged by a movement of his supporters, the indigenous and labor movements, on a road construction project that pitted indigenous rights, local territorial claims, and environmental protection against modernist industrial development. A police raid to break up a protest march left tens of protesters wounded, leading to public outcry and forced Morales to suspend the project. The event illustrated a set of growing tensions during Evo Morales’s tenure.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Achtenberg, E. (2011). Peru’s mining conflicts: Ollanta Humala’s ticking time bomb. North American Congress on Latin America. Retrieved October 12, 2011, from https://nacla.org/blog/2011/7/29/peru’s-mining-conflicts-ollanta-humala’s-ticking-time-bomb

  • Aiello, K. (2010, June 25). Bagua, Peru: A year after. North American Congress on Latin America. Retrieved October 22, 2010, from https://nacla.org/node/6622

  • Ancos, H., & Vincente, D. J. (2009, June). La Promoción de la Responsibilidad Social en los Tratados de Inversión: Los casos de Bolivia y Venezuela. Avances de Investigación, 30. Madrid, Spain: Fundación Carolina.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andina. (2011, July 12). Mining Investments in Peru Triple Totalling US$13.7 Billion. Andina. Agencia Peruana de Noticias. Retrieved November 28, 2011, from http://www.andina.com.pe/Ingles/Noticia.aspx?Id=xlYSS1io0JM=

  • Barrett, P., Chavez, D., & Rodríguez-Garavito, G. (Eds.). (2008). The New Latin American Left: Utopia reborn. London: Pluto Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boone, J. (2011). How developing countries can adapt current bilateral investment treaties to provide benefits to their domestic economies. Global Business Law Review, 1(2), 187–201.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, E. (1996). Articulating opposition in Latin America: The consolidation of neoliberalism and the search for radical alternatives. Political Geography, 15(2), 169–192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brunet, A., & Lentini J. A. (2007). Arbitration of international oil, gas, and energy disputes in Latin America. Northwestern Journal of International Law and Business, 27(3), 591–630.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bureau of Economic, Energy and Business Affairs (2011, March). 2011 Investment Climate Statement—Peru. US Department of State. Retrieved November 28, 2011, from http://www.state.gov/e/eb/rls/othr/ics/2011/157342.htm

  • Calí, M. (2007). Why Evo Morales is not going to be the next Hugo Chavez. ODI Opinion Papers. London, UK: Overseas Development Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chang, H.-J. (2004). Regulation of foreign investment in historical perspective. European Journal of Development Research, 16 (3), 687–715.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Committee for the Abolition of Third World Dept (2007, May 2) Bolivia, Venezuela and Nicaragua Withdraw Together From the ICSID. Retrieved March 8, 2012, from http://www.cadtm.org/Bolivia-Venezuela-and-Nicaragua

    Google Scholar 

  • Cremades, B. (2006). Resurgence of the Calvo Doctrine in Latin America. Business Law International, 7(1), 53–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. (2005). Foreign investment in Latin America and the Caribbean. Santiago, Chile: United Nations Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fiezzoni, S. K. (2011). The Challenge of UNASUR Member Countries to Replace ICSID Arbitration. Beijing Law Review, 2(3), 134–144.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Foro Boliviano sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo. (2011). Anuario Sena 2010. La Paz, Bolivia: Foro Boliviano sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo.

    Google Scholar 

  • García, A. (2007, October 28). El síndrome del perro hortelano. El Comercio. Retrieved March 8, 2012, from http://elcomercio.pe

  • Girvan, N. (in press). Social movements confront neoliberalism: Reflections on a Caribbean experience. Globalizations.

    Google Scholar 

  • Global Arbitration Review (2011). The arbitration review of the Americas 2012: Bolivia. London, UK: Law Business Research Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haarstad, H., & Campero, C. (2011). Participation in the Bolivian Hydrocarbons Sector: The “double discourse” and limitations on participatory governance. URBECO-report 04/11. Bergen, Norway: Center for Urban Ecology.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hörmann, M. (2010). Regional Integration: Key role for Bolivia. D+C, 51(3), 103–105. Retrieved January 8, 2012, from http://www.dandc.eu/articles/168821/index.en.shtml

  • Huber, E., & Solt, F. (2004). Successes and failures of neoliberalism. Latin American Research Review, 39(3), 151–164.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jacob, M. (2010). International investment agreements and human rights. INEF Research Paper Series on Human Rights, Corporate Responsibility and Sustainable Development. Duisburg, Germany: Institute for Development and Peace, University of Duisburg-Essen.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kellogg, P. (2007). Regional integration in Latin America: Dawn of an alternative to neoliberalism? New Political Science, 29(2), 187–209.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klein, A., & Gonzalez Espinosa, A. C. (2011). The EITI transparency standard: Between global power shifts and local conditionality. Unpublished paper presented at the Politics of Natural Resources in the Global South: Critical International Political Economy Perspectives, Copenhagen, Denmark.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malik, M. (2008). Recent developments in regional and bilateral investment treaties. Background paper for the 2nd Annual Forum of Developing Country Investment Negotiations, November 3–4, Marrakech, Morocco.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mortimore, M. (2009). Arbitraje Internacional Basado en Cláusulas de Solución de Controversias Entre los Inversionistas y el Estado en Acuerdos Internacionales de Inversión: Desafíos para América Latina y el Caribe. Serie Desarollo Productivo No. 188. Santiago de Chile: Comisión Económica para América Latina.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, L. E. (2007, February). Bilateral investment treaties: Implications for sustainable development and options for regulation. FES Conference Report. Berlin, Germany: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, L. E. (2009). Human rights and bilateral investment treaties: Mapping the role of human rights law within investor-state arbitration. Montreal, Canada: Rights and Democracy.

    Google Scholar 

  • Poertner, M. (2011). Venezuelan oil diplomacy and voting in the U.N. General assembly. Journal of International Service, 20(1), 85–107.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryggvik, H. (2010). The Norwegian experience: A toolbox for managing resources? Oslo, Norway: Center for Technology, Innovation and Culture (TIK-Centre).

    Google Scholar 

  • Salazar, C. (2011, July 27). Peru’s Garcia leaves conflicts unresolved. Associated Press. Retrieved November 15, 2011, from http://www.news-vine.com/_news/2011/07/27/7177164-perus-garcia-leaves-conflicts-unresolved

  • Segrera Ayala, Y. (2009, December). Restoring the balance in bilateral investment treaties: Incorporating human rights clauses. Revista de Derecho, 32, 139–161.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stanley, L. (2009). Bucking the trend: The political economy of natural resources in three Andean countries. In K. Gallagher & D. Chudnovsky (Eds.), Rethinking Foreign Investment for Sustainable Development (pp. 179–200). London, UK: Anthem Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). (2000, December 15). Bilateral investment treaties quintupled during the 1990s: New UNCTAD publication releases latest data on the universe of BITs [Press release]. Retrieved March 8, 2012, from http://www.unctad.org/templates/ webflyer.asp?docid=2655&intItemID=2023&lang=1

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). (2010). Denunciation of the ICSID Convention and BITs: Impact on investor-state claims. International Investment Agreements Issues Note No. 2. New York and Geneva: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). (2011). World investment report 2011: Non-equity modes of international production and development. World Investment Report. New York and Geneva: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vanden, H. (2003). Globalization in a time of neoliberalism: Politicized social movements and the Latin American response. Journal of Developing Societies, 19 (2–3), 308–333.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walton, M. (2004). Neoliberalism in Latin America: Good, bad or incomplete? Latin American Research Review, 39(3), 166–183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ward, J. (2004). Latin America: Development and conflict since 1945. Abingdon, UK: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weyland, K. (2004a). Assessing Latin American neoliberalism: Introduction to a debate. Latin American Research Review, 39(3), 143–149.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weyland, K. (2004b). Neoliberalism and Democracy in Latin America: A mixed record. Latin American Politics and Society, 46(1), 135–157.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yacimientos Pet rolíferos Fiscales Bolivianos (2010). Boletín Estadístico Gestión 2010. La Paz, Bolivia: Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales Bolivianos.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zabalo, P. (2008). Los Acuerdos Internacionales Sobre Inversión, Otro Obstáculo Para el Desarrollo de América Latina. Gestión en el Tercer Milenio: Revista de Investigación de la Fac. de Ciencias Administrativas, 11(22), 27–39.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Håvard Haarstad

Copyright information

© 2012 Håvard Haarstad

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Haarstad, H., Campero, C. (2012). Extraction, Regional Integration, and the Enduring Problem of Local Political Spaces. In: Haarstad, H. (eds) New Political Spaces in Latin American Natural Resource Governance. Studies of the Americas. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137073723_5

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics