Abstract
In this chapter, I will argue that the delegation of policy missions to the armed forces and away from civilian agencies transformed the balance of power that had prevailed for decades in the system of civilmilitary relations. As I will show, the initial decision of President Carlos Salinas to use the military instead of the Attorney General’s Office to counteract the power of the drug cartels created a momentum of militarization that has reached virtually every corner of the system of public security at federal, state, and municipal levels.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Notes
Jesús Alberto López-González, The Politics of Civil-Military Relations in Mexico (Saarbrücken: VDM Verlag, 2009).
Luís Astorga, Seguridad, traficantes y militares (Mexico City: Tusquets, 2007).
Stephen J. Wager, The Mexican Military Approaches the 21st Century: Coping with a New World Order (Carlisle: U.S. Army War College, 1994)
Eva Bertram et al., Drug War Politics: The Price of Denial (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1996).
William O. Walker, Drug Control in the Americas (Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press 1989).
U.S. President’s Commission on Organized Crime, America’s Habit: Drug Abuse, Drug Trafficking, and Organized Crime (Washington DC: President’s Commission on Organized Crime, 1986), http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/govpubs/amhab/ahmenu.htm.
Peter Andreas, “The Political Economy of Narco-Corruption in Mexico,” Current History 97 (1998): 160–65.
Ted. G. Carpenter, Bad Neighbor Policy: Washington’s Futile War on Drugs in Latin America (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003).
Maria Celia Toro, Mexico’s “War” on Drugs: Causes and Consequences (Boulder: Rienner Publishers, 1995).
Quoted in Edward J. Epstein, Agency of Fear: Opiates and Political Power in America (London and New York: Verso, 1990), 84.
Edward J. Epstein, Agency of Fear: Opiates and Political Power in America (London and New York: Verso, 1990).
Peter Lupsha, “El tráfico de drogas: México y Colombia una perspectiva comparada,” in La Economia y Politica del Narcotrafico, ed. Juan Gabriel Tokatlian and Bruce M. Bagley (Bogotá: Ediciones Uniandes-CEI Uniandes, 1986), 235–64.
Patrick Anderson, High in America: The True Story behind NORML and the Politics of Marijuana (New York: Viking Press, 1981)
Dan Baum, Smoke and Mirrors: The War on Drugs and the Politics of Failure (Boston: Little Brown,1996).
Ron Chepesiuk, Hard Target: The United States War Against International Drug Trafficking, 1982–1997 (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 1999).
Roderic. A. Camp, Mexico’s Military on the Democratic Stage (Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers in cooperation with the Center for Strategic and International Studies, Washington, DC, 2005).
Peter Andreas, “The Political Economy of Narco-Corruption in Mexico.” Current History 97 (1998): 160–165
Randall Sheppard, “Nationalism, Economic Crisis and ‘Realistic Revolution’ in 1980s Mexico,” Nations and Nationalism 17 (2011): 510–11.
Jorge Chabat, “Drug Trafficking in U.S.-Mexican Relations: What You See Is What You Get,” in Drug Trafficking in the Americas , ed. Bruce. M. Bagley and William O. Walker III, (Miami, FL: North-South Center Press, 1996), 378.
Dario Avalos-Pedroza, “U.S.-Mexico Bilateral Relations and Importance of Mexican Military in the Drug-Control Strategy” (Carlisle Barracks, PA: U.S. Army War College, 2001).
Sigrid Arzt, “The Complexities of a U.S.-Mexican National Security Threat: Mexico’s Weak Institutions versus Powerful Organized Crime Syndicates,” 237 (Washington DC: Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 1998).
Jeffrey Davidow, The U.S. and Mexico: The Bear and the Porcupine (Princeton, NJ: Markus Wiener Publishers, 2004), 263–64.
Jorge Luis Sierra-Guzmán, “Mexico’s Military in the War on Drugs,” Drug War Monitor (Washington, DC: Washington Office on Latin America, April 2003
Jesús López-González, The Politics of Civil-Military Relations in Mexico (Saarbrücken: VDM Verlag, 2009), 216–17.
GCE, Encuesta Nacional: Gobierno, Sociedad y Política 2008 (Mexico City: GCE, 2008).
Sigrid Arzt, “The Shaping of Mexico Civil-Military Relations under the Fox Administration in Light of the Law Enforcement Challenges” (Washington, DC: 23 Latin American Studies Association, 2001).
David R. Mares, “U.S. Drug Policy and Mexican Civil-Military Relations: A Challenge for the Mutually Desirable Democratization Process,” Crime, Law, and Social Change 40 (2003): 61–75.
Jorge Chabat, “Mexico’s War on Drugs: No Margin for Maneuver,” The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 582 (January 2002): 140.
Donald E. Schulz, Between a Rock and a Hard Place: The United States, Mexico, and the Agony of National Security (Carlisle Barracks, PA: Strategic Studies Institute 1997)
Louise Shelley, “Corruption and Organized Crime in Mexico in the Post-PRI Transition,” Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 17, no. 3 (2001): 213–31.
Laurie Freeman, “Troubling Patterns: The Mexican Military and the War on Drugs,” (Washington, DC: The Latin American Working Group, 2002).
Editor information
Copyright information
© 2012 George Philip and Susana Berruecos
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
López-González, J.A. (2012). Civil-Military Relations and the Militarization of Public Security in Mexico, 1989–2010: Challenges to Democracy. In: Philip, G., Berruecos, S. (eds) Mexico’s Struggle for Public Security. Studies of The Americas. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137034052_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137034052_5
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, New York
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-44168-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-03405-2
eBook Packages: Palgrave Political & Intern. Studies CollectionPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)