Abstract
The history of Canadian educational film practice must be understood in light of the country’s close proximity to the United States.1 This proximity is not simply geographical, but also linguistic. Like other predominantly English-speaking countries (such as the UK), Canadian film production and education has developed in the shadow of the United States’ dominance in English language fiction film production. For this reason, the role of documentary filmmaking as an alternative mode of film production and apprenticeship (in both its traditional and experimental forms) has played a central role in the development and perpetuation of Anglo-Canadian film culture, and the production practices that are taught and valued in the country. This is especially true because of the influence of the National Film Board of Canada / Office national du film (NFB/ ONF), which for decades has fostered documentary, experimental, and animated film production in Canada.2 Indeed, even practice-based film education outside the NFB often amounts to responses to the aesthetic and production strategies deployed by the organization and the documentary aesthetic permeates the history of Canadian fiction filmmaking.
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Notes
Dorothy Henaut, “The ‘Challenge for Change/Societenouvelle Experience’” in Video the Changing World, ed. Alain Ambrosi and Nancy Thede (Montreal: Black Rose, 1991), 48–49.
Alexandre Astruc, “The Birth of a New Avant-Garde: La camera-stylo,” in The New Wave: Critical Landmarks, ed. Peter Graham (London: Secker and Warburg, 1968), 18–19.
Tom McSorley, “Interview: Phil Hoffman,” in Rivers in Time: The Films of Philip Hoffman, ed. Tom McSorley (Ottawa: Canadian Film Institute, 2008), 57.
Roland Barthes, Camera Lucida (New York: Hill and Wang, 1981), 88.
Walter Benjamin, “Theses on the Philosophy of History,” in Illuminations: Essays and Reflections, ed. Hannah Arendt, trans. Harry Zohn (New York: Schocken, 1969), 255.
Janine Marchessault, “Women, Nature and Chemistry: Hand-Processed Films from Film Farm,” in LUX: A Decade of Artists’ Film and Video, ed. Steve Reinke and Tom Taylor (Toronto: YYZ/Pleasuredome, 2006), 136.
Cara Morton, “Films and Fairy Dust,” in Landscape with Shipwreck: First Person Cinema and the Films of Philip Hoffman, ed. Karyn Sandlos and Mike Hoolboom (Toronto: Insomniac Press/Images Festival, 2001), 153.
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© 2013 Mette Hjort
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MacKenzie, S. (2013). “An Arrow, Not a Target”: Film Process and Processing at the Independent Imaging Retreat. In: Hjort, M. (eds) The Education of the Filmmaker in Africa, the Middle East, and the Americas. Global Cinema. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137032690_9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137032690_9
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, New York
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