Skip to main content

Associations and Political Pluralism: The Effects of the Law of 1901

  • Chapter
Pluralism and the Idea of the Republic in France
  • 98 Accesses

Abstract

In his study of the ‘French political model’, Pierre Rosanvallon has attempted to build a bridge between the overbearing ‘Jacobin model’ and civil society’s development in a ‘polarized democracy’. In this ‘polarized democracy’, social pluralism coexisted with a monism, the origin of the centralized State, which was inherited from revolutionary Jacobinism.1 Rosanvallon has underlined the dualism of a Republic that was open to the existence of trade unions (syndicats) but that restricted associations. He has seen in the 1901 Law on Associations a belated and limited recognition of the possibility of representing civil society within the French political system. In this sense, the acknowledgement of the right to association did not call into question those aspects of the French republican model that limited the expression of civil society within associations. In fact, the law did not give individuals grouped in associations as many possibilities for collective action as had the 1884 law on trades unions; this was especially true in financial terms.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Notes

  1. Pierre Rosanvallon, Le modèle politique français. La société civile contre le jacobinisme de 1789 à nos jours (Paris: Seuil, 2004), pp. 13–14.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Maurice Larkin, L’Église et l’État en France. 1905: la crise de la Séparation (Toulouse: Privat, 2004).

    Google Scholar 

  3. Jacqueline Lalouette, La République anticléricale. XIXXX siècles (Paris: Seuil, 2004).

    Google Scholar 

  4. Jacqueline Lalouette and Jean-Pierre Machelon, 1901, Les congrégations hors la loi? (Paris: Letouzé et Ané, 2001).

    Google Scholar 

  5. Claire Andrieu, Gilles Le Béguec, Danielle Tartakowsky (eds), Associations et champ politique (Paris: Presses de la Sorbonne, 2001).

    Google Scholar 

  6. Yves Déloye, ‘Socialisation religieuse et comportement électoral en France. L’affaire des catéchismes augmentés (XIXe–XXe siècles)’, Revue française de science politique, 52 (2002) 179–99;

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Yves Déloye, Pour une autre histoire du suffrage électoral: le clergé catholique français et le vote, XIXXX siècle, (Paris: Fayard, 2006).

    Google Scholar 

  8. Jean-Marie Mayeur, Catholicisme social et démocratie chrétienne (Paris: Cerf, 1986).

    Google Scholar 

  9. Eugène Flornoy, La Lutte par l’association. L’Action libérale populaire (Paris: Gabalda, 1907), p. 38.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Jacques Piou, ‘Le rôle des catholiques à l’heure actuelle’, Echo de la LPDF, 31 3 (July 1905), 635.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Julian Wright, The Regionalist Movement in France; Jean Charles-Brun and French Political Thought (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003), pp. 204–16.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  12. Yves Déloye, École et citoyenneté: l’individualisme républicain de Jules Ferry à Vichy, controverses, (Paris: Presses de la Fondation nationale des sciences politiques, 1994);

    Google Scholar 

  13. Olivier Ihl, La Fête républicaine, (Paris: Gallimard, 1996).

    Google Scholar 

  14. Eliane Viennot, La Démocratie à la française ou les femmes indésirables (1793–1993) (Paris: CEDREF-Université Paris VII, 1996).

    Google Scholar 

  15. Geneviève Fraisse, Muse de la Raison. Démocratie et exclusion des femmes en France (Paris: Gallimard, «Folio histoire», 1995, 1st edn1989).

    Google Scholar 

  16. Pierre Rosanvallon, Le Sacre du citoyen, (Paris: Gallimard, 1995, 1st edn 1992).

    Google Scholar 

  17. Anne Verjus, Le Cens de la famille. Les femmes et le vote (1789–1848) (Paris: Belin, 2002).

    Google Scholar 

  18. Charles Sowerwine ‘Revising the Sexual Contract: Women’s Citizenship and Republicanism in France, 1789–1944’ in Christopher E. Forth and Elinor Accampo (eds), Confronting Modernity in Fin-de-siècle France. Bodies, Minds and Gender (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010), pp. 19–42.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Joan W. Scott, La Citoyenne paradoxale. Les Féministes françaises et les droits de l’homme, (Paris: Albin Michel, 1998, 1st edn 1996).

    Google Scholar 

  20. Michelle Riot-Sarcey (dir.), Démocratie et représentation. Actes du colloque d’Albi des 19 et 20 novembre 1994 tenu au Centre culturel de l’Albigeois (Paris: Kimé, 1995), p. 12.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Evelyne Diebolt, Les Associations face aux institutions. Les femmes dans l’action sanitaire, sociale et culturelle, 1901–2001 (Paris: Femmes et associations, 2001).

    Google Scholar 

  22. Anne Cova, Maternité et droits des femmes en France, XIXXX siècles (Paris: Anthropos, 1997).

    Google Scholar 

  23. Raymond Huard, La naissance du parti politique en France (Paris: PFNSP, 1996).

    Google Scholar 

  24. Magali Della Sudda, ‘La politique malgré elles. Mobilisations féminines catholiques en France et en Italie (1900–1914)’, Revue française de science politique 60 (2010), 37–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Steven C. Hause and Anne R. Kenney, Women’s Suffrage and Social Politics in the French Third Republic (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984);

    Google Scholar 

  26. Laurence Klejman and Florence Rochefort, L’Égalité en marche. Le féminisme sous la Troisième République (Paris: Des Femmes/Presses de la Fondation nationale des Sciences politiques, 1989).

    Google Scholar 

  27. Christine Bard, Les filles de Marianne. Histoire des féminismes. 1914–1940 (Paris: Fayard, 1995), pp. 22–3.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Karen Offen, European Feminisms, 1700–1950. A Political History (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2009).

    Google Scholar 

  29. Marylin J. Boxer, ‘Rethinking the socialist construction and international career of the concept “Bourgeois Feminism”’, American Historical Review 112 (2007), 131–59. The question of ‘bourgeois feminism’ was advanced by the socialists. In France, Louise Saumonneau dominated discussions about feminism in socialist circles: she rejected the alliance of women the better to advance the class-struggle.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Geneviève Poujol, Un féminisme sous tutelle. Les protestantes françaises (1810–1960) (Paris: Les editions de Paris, 2003), p. 80.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Yolande Cohen, ‘Protestant and Jewish Philanthropies in France. The Conseil National des Femmes Françaises (1901–1939)’, French Politics, Culture and Society 24 (2006), 74–92;

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Florence Rochefort, ‘The French Feminist Movement and Republicanism, 1868–1914’, in Sylvia Palatschek and Bianka Pietrow-Ennker (eds), Women’s Emancipation Movements in the Nineteenth Century. A European Perspective, (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2004), pp. 77–101;

    Google Scholar 

  33. Paul Smith, Feminism and the Third Republic. Women’s Political and Civil Rights in France (1918–1945) (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  34. Klejman and Rochefort, L’Égalité en marche, 110–14; Sylvie Fayet-Scribe, Associations féminines et catholicisme. De la charité à l’action sociale (Paris: Ed. Ouvrières, 1990), pp. 47–64;

    Google Scholar 

  35. Bruno Dumons, ‘Les Congrès Jeanne d’Arc ou la vitrine d’un féminisme Chrétien’, in C. Langlois, C. Sorrel, (ed.) Le catholicisme en congrès, Chrétiens et société, n.8 (Lyon: Université Jean Moulin Lyon 3, 2009), pp. 83–97.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Odile Sarti, The Ligue Patriotique des Françaises. A Feminine Response to the Secularization of French Society (New York: Garland, 1992);

    Google Scholar 

  37. Bruno Dumons, Les Dames de la Ligue des femmes françaises (Paris: Le Cerf, 2006).

    Google Scholar 

  38. Emile Poulat, Intégrisme et catholicisme intégral (Tournai: Casterman, 1969).

    Google Scholar 

  39. Elinor A. Accampo, Rachel G. Fuchs, Mary L. Stewart (eds), Gender and the Politics of Social Reform in France 1870–1914 (Baltimore/London: John Hopkins University Press, 1995);

    Google Scholar 

  40. Françoise Battagliola, ‘Philanthropes et féministes dans le monde réformateur (1890–1910)’, Travail, genre et sociétés, 22 (2009), 135–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Baronness René Reille, ‘Commission des conférencières’, Congrès de la LPDF, tenu les 6–10 octobre 1909 à Lourdes (Paris: LPDF, 1910), p. 75.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Mrs de Noaillat-Devuns, ‘Formation des Dirigeantes appartenant aux Conseils de Département, d’Arrondissement et de Canton’, Congrès de la LPDF tenu les 15–19 mai à Paris, (Paris: LPDF, 1913), pp. 94–5.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Laura Frader, ‘Social Citizens without Citizenship: Working-Class Women and Social Policy in Interwar France’, Social Politics (Summer/Fall, 1996), 111–35; Anne Cova, Maternité et droits des femmes.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Anne Verjus, Le bon mari. Une histoire politique des hommes et des femmes à l’époque révolutionnaire (Paris: Fayard, 2010), p. 37.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Julia Bush, Women against the Vote: Female Anti-Suffragism in Britain (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  46. Anne Cova, ‘Au service de l’Église, de la patrie et de la famille’. Femmes catholiques et maternité sous la III République (Paris: L’Harmattan, 2001).

    Google Scholar 

  47. Jean-François Chanet, L’École républicaine et les petites patries, (Paris: Aubier-Montaigne, 1996).

    Google Scholar 

  48. E. Saillard, Annuaire de l’Action libérale populaire et de la Ligue patriotique des Françaises 1904–1905. Recueil de renseignements pratiques à l’usage des adhérents, correspondants, délégués et membres des comités (Paris: Secrétariats de l’A.L.P. et de la L.P.D.F., 1905), p. 33.

    Google Scholar 

  49. LPDF, Compte-rendu du Congrès régional de Paray Le Monial, l’Organisation, l’Enseignement ménager, la Presse, l’Apostolat direct, 16–18 juin 1909 (Autun: Imprimerie L. Marcelin, 1910), p. 4.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2012 Magali della Sudda

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

della Sudda, M. (2012). Associations and Political Pluralism: The Effects of the Law of 1901. In: Wright, J., Jones, H.S. (eds) Pluralism and the Idea of the Republic in France. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137028310_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137028310_9

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-349-32300-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-137-02831-0

  • eBook Packages: Palgrave History CollectionHistory (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics