Abstract
A striking feature of the dominant narrative of the Rwandan genocide is the unprecedented emphasis given to the media, in particular radio, as a tool of genocide. The notorious privately owned radio station Radio Télévision Libre des Milles Collines (RTLM) and the newspaper Kangura in particular are blamed for inciting and facilitating genocide. The charge was led by key human rights activists Alison Des Forges and Jean-Pierre Chrétien.1 Des Forges makes this extraordinary claim about RTLM: ‘during the genocide, when communications and travel became difficult, the radio became the sole source of news as well as the sole authority for interpreting its meaning’.2 Chrétien ascribes a central role to RTLM, saying that
[t]wo tools, one very modern, the other less [modern] were particularly used during the genocide against the Tutsis in Rwanda: the radio and the machete. The former to give and receive orders, the second to carry them out.3
These claims cut to the heart of so much that is written about Rwanda.
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Notes
Human Rights Watch (1999) 248–257; Chrétien, J.-P., Dupaquier, J. F., Kabanda, M. and Ngarambe, J. (1995) Rwanda: Les Médias du Génocide (Paris: Éditions Karthala).
Zahar, A. (2005) ‘The Rwanda Tribunal’s ‘media’ judgement and the reinvention of direct and public incitement to commit Genocide’. Criminal Law Forum 16(1) 33–48.
Scherrer, C. P. (1999) Genocide and Genocide Prevention: General Outlines Exemplified with the Cataclysm in Rwanda 1994. COPRI Working Papers 14/1999.
Kellow, C. and Steeves, H. (1998) ‘The role of radio in the Rwandan Genocide’. Journal of Communication, 48 (3) 107–128
cited in Li, D. (March 2004) ‘Echoes of violence: Considerations on radio and genocide in Rwanda’. Journal of Genocide Research, 6 (1).
Omaar, R. (Autumn 1997) “A Genocide foretold”. In: Soundings, issue 7 (London: Soundings Ltd) 110.
Khan, S. M. (2001) The Shallow Graves of Rwanda (New York: I. B. Tauris) 67.
Pottier, J. (1996) ‘Relief and reparation: Views by Rwandan refugees; lessons for humanitarian aid workers’. African Affairs, 95/380.
Straus, S. (2006) The Order of Genocide: Race, Power, and War in Rwanda (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press) 37–38.
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© 2014 Barrie Collins
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Collins, B. (2014). Hate Speech, the Audience and Mass Killings. In: Rwanda 1994. Rethinking Political Violence Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137022325_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137022325_6
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