Abstract
Municipalities are instruments of governance. They provide a powerful tool for the decentralization of government and for improving its performance. They are instruments for the dissemination of central government services on the local, rather than national, scene.
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Notes
Roula Majdalani, “The Governance Paradigm and Urban Development: Breaking New Ground?” in Seteney Shami (ed.), Capital Cities: Ethnographies of Urban Governance in the Middle East (Center for Urban Community Studies, University of Toronto, 2001), 13–32.
For an interesting historical sketch of the Egyptian experience, see Najwa Khalil, with Howaidi Adli, Majadi Abdel-Ghani, and Hassan Salameh, Istetla’ ra’a awina min al-jamhour al-khas fi nizam al-idara el-mahalia (National Center for Social and Criminal Research, Department for the Measure of Public Opinion, 2004).
Daniel Ringrose, “Work and Social Presence: French Public Engineers in Nineteenth-Century Provincial Communities,” History and Technology 14 (1998), 293–312.
Irwin et al. discuss the transformations of the economies of American rural areas over the past century. Not only are rural areas more prosperous than urban areas today but they are also no longer dependant on agriculture as the major component of their economy. Elena G. Irwin, Andrew M. Isserman, Maureen Kilkenny, and Mark D. Partridge, “A Century of Research on rural Development and Regional Issues,” American J. Agr. Econ. 92, 2 (2010), 522–553.
For a brief description of the Dutch approach, see Arthur Wiggers, “A National Association of Local Authorities: Its Role and Function,” in A. B. Zahlan (ed.), The Reconstruction of Palestine: Urban and Rural Development (Kegan Paul International, 1997), 142–148.
Seteney Shami (ed.), Capital Cities: Ethnographies of Urban Governance in the Middle East (Center for Urban and Community Studies, University of Toronto, 2001).
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© 2012 A. B. Zahlan
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Zahlan, A.B. (2012). Municipalities, Science, and Technology. In: Science, Development, and Sovereignty in the Arab World. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137020987_11
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137020987_11
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