Abstract
Recent legislative interest in decarceration (Gartner et al. 2011) and spiralling costs of incarceration have led to community corrections enjoying a kind of renaissance. Indeed, various researchers have implemented empirically informed training and intervention strategies that are changing probation policy and practice. To a large extent, the focus of such training is to give probation staff the necessary skills to better manage their face to face contacts with their clientele beyond a simple check-in and review of supervision conditions. This recent evolution in probation practice has yielded modest but replicable reductions in probation failures (i.e. breaches for technical violations and rates of reoffending (Bonta et al. 2008; Robinson et al. 2011) and has been described as core correctional practice (Dowden and Andrews 2004).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Andrews, D. A. and Bonta, J. (2010) The Psychology of Criminal Conduct. Third Edition. Cincinnati, OH: Anderson.
Andrews, D. A. and Kiessling, J. J. (1980) ‘Program Structure and Effective Correctional Practices: A Summary of CaVI C Research’. in R. R. Ross and P. Gendreau (Eds) Effective Correctional Treatment. Toronto, Canada: Butterworth.
Anstiss, A., Polaschek, D. L. L. and Wilson, M. J. (2011) ‘A Brief Motivational Interviewing Intervention with Prisoners: When You Lead a Horse to Water, Can It Drink for Itself?’ Psychology, Crime, and Law17 (8), 689–710.
Beyko, M. J. and Wong, S. C. P. (2005) ‘Predictors of Treatment Attrition as Indicators for Program Improvement Not Offender Shortcomings: A Study of Sex Offender Treatment Attrition’. Sex Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 17(4): 375–89.
Bogue, B. Campbell, N. and Clawson, E. (2004) Implementing Evidence-Based Practice in Community Corrections. Washington, DC: National Institute of Corrections.
Bonta, J., & Andrews, D. A. (2007). Risk-Need-Responsivity Model for Offender Assessment and Rehabilitation (User Report 2007–06). Ottawa, Ontario: Public Safety Canada.
Bonta, J., Bourgon, G., Rugge, T., Scott, T.-L., Yessine, A. K., Gutierrez, L. and Li, J. (2010) The Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision: Risk-Need-Responsivity in the Real World. Ottawa, Canada: Public Safety Canada.
Bonta, J., Rugge, T., Scott, T., Bourgon, G. and Yessine, A. (2008) ‘Exploring the Black Box of Community Supervision’. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation 47, 248–270.
Bottoms, A. E. and Shapland, J. (2011) ‘Steps Towards Desistance Among Male Young Adult Recidivists’. in S. Farrall, M. Hough, S. Maruna and R. Sparks (Eds) Escape Routes: Contemporary Perspectives on Life after Punishment. London: Routledge, pp. 43–80.
Bourgon, G. and Gutierrez, L. (2012) ‘The General Responsivity Principle in Community Supervision: The Importance of Probation Officers Using Cognitive Intervention Techniques and Its Influence on Recidivism’. Journal of Crime and Justice 35, 149–166.
Bourgon, G., Bonta, J., Rugge, T. and Gutierrez, L. (2010a) ‘Technology Transfer: The Importance of On-Going Clinical Supervision in Translating “What Works” to Everyday Community Supervision’. in F. McNeil, P. Raynor and C. Trotter (Eds) Offender Supervision: New Directions in Theory, Research and Practice. Cullompton: Willan.
Bourgon, G., Bonta, J., Rugge, T., Scott, L. and Yessine, A. K. (2010b) ‘The Role of Program Design, Implementation, and Evaluation in Evidence-Based “Real World” Community Supervision’. Federal Probation 74, 2–15.
Burke, P. and Tonry, M. (2006). Successful Transition and Reentry for Safer Communities: A Call to Action for Parole. Silver Spring, MD: Center for Effective Public Policy.
Casey, S., Day, A., Howells, K. and Ward, T. (2007) ‘Assessing Suitability for Offender Rehabilitation: Development and Validation of the Treatment Readiness Questionnaire’. Criminal Justice and Behavior 34, 1427–1440.
Coloroso., B. (2003) Kids are Worth It: Raising Resilient, Responsible, Compassionate Kids. Penguin: Canada.
Dhami, M. K., Mandel, D. R., Loewenstein, G. and Ayton, P. (2006) ‘Prisoners’ Positive Illusions of Their Post-Release Success’. Law and Human Behavior 30, 631–647. doi:10.100 7/s 109 79–006–9040–1
Dowden, C. and Andrews, D. A. (2004) ‘The Importance of Staff Practice in Delivering Effective Correctional Treatment: A Meta-Analytic Review of Core Correctional Practice’. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 48, 203–214.
Fishbein, D., Sheppard, M., Hyde, C., Hubal, R., Newlin, D., Serin, R. C., Chrousos, G. and Alesci, S. (2009) ‘Deficits in Behavioural Inhibition Predict Treatment Engagement in Prison Inmates’. Law and Human Behavior 33, 419–435.
Friedmann, P. D., Taxman, F. S. and Henderson, C. (2007) ‘Evidence-Based Treatment Practices for Drug-Involved Adults in the Criminal Justice System’. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 32, 267–277.
Gartner, R., Doob, A. N. and Zimring, E. (2011) ‘Decarceration in California: The Past as Prologue? Decarceration in California Then and Now’. Criminology & Public Policy 10(2), 291–325. DOI:10.1111/j. 1745–9133.2011.00709.x
Gendreau, P., Goggin, C. and Cullen, F. (1999) The Effects of Prison Sentences on Recidivism. Ottawa, Canada: Solicitor General of Canada.
Gendreau, P., Little, T. and Goggin, C. (1996) ‘A Meta-Analysis of the Predictors of Adult Offender Recidivism: What Works!’ Criminology 34, 575–607.
Gendreau, P., Goggin, P., French, S. and Smith P. (2006) ‘Practicing Psychology in Correctional Settings: “What Works” in Reducing Criminal Behaviour’. in A. K. Hess and I. Weiner (Eds) The Handbook of Forensic Psychology. Third Edition. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
Giordano, P. C., Cernkovich, S. A. and Rudolph, J. L. (2002) ‘Gender, Crime, and Desistance: Toward a Theory of Cognitive Transformation’. American Journal of Sociology 107 (4), 990–1064.
Glaze, L. E., & Bonczar, T. P. (2009) Probation and Parole in the United States, 2008. Washington, DC: U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics.
Hanby, L. J. and Serin, R. C. (2009) Offender Competencies and Their Relationship to Correctional Program Performance. Poster session at the Canadian Psychological Association Annual Convention, Montreal, QC, June.
Hanson, R. K., Gordon, A., Harris, A. J. R., Marques, J. K., Murphy, W., Quinsey, V. L. and Seto, M. D. (2002) ‘First Report of the Collaborative Outcome Data Project on the Effectiveness of Psychological Treatment for Sex Offenders’. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment 14, 169–194.
Healy, D. (2010) The Dynamics of Desistance: Charting Pathways Through Change. Cullompton: Wilan Publishing.
Heilbrun, K. S., Bennett, W. S., Evans, J. H., Offult, R. A., Reiff, H. J. and White, A. J. (1992) ‘Assessing Treatability in Mentally Disordered Offenders: Strategies for Improving Reliability’. Forensic Reports 5, 85–96.
Hollin, C. R., McGuire, J., Hounsome, J. C., Hatcher, R. M., Bilby, C. A. L. and Palmer, E. J. (2008) ‘Cognitive Skills Behavior Programs for Offenders in the Community: A Reconviction Analysis’. Criminal Justice and Behavior 35, 269–283.
Huppert, J. D., Bufka, L. E, Barlow, D. H., Gorman, J. M., Shear, M. K. and Woods, S. W. (2001) ‘Therapists, Therapist Variables, and Cognitive — Behavioral Therapy Outcomes in a Multicenter Trial for Panic Disorder’. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 69, 747–755.
Jalbert, S., Rhodes, W., Flygare, C. and Kane, M. (2010) ‘Testing Probation Outcomes in an Evidence-Based Practice Setting: Reduced Caseload Size and Intensive Supervision Effectiveness’. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation 49, 233–253.
Krawczyk, S. C., Witte, T., Gordon, A., Wong, S. and Wormith, J. S. (2002) Treatment Attrition and Institutional Offending in Violent Offenders. Poster session presented at the Canadian Psychological Association’s 63rd Annual Convention, Vancouver, BC, May.
LeBel, T. P., Burnett, R., Maruna, S. and Bushway, S. (2008) ‘The “Chicken and Egg” of Subjective and Social Factors in Desistance from Crime’. European Journal of Criminology 5, 131–159.
Lipsey, M. W. and Cullen, F. T. (2007) ‘The Effectiveness of Correctional Rehabilitation: A Review of Systematic Reviews’. Annual Review of Law and Social Science 3, 297–320. doi:10.1146/annurev.lawsocsci. 3.081806.112833
Lloyd, C. D. and Serin, R. C. (2012) ‘Agency and Outcome Expectancies for Crime Desistance: Measuring Offenders’ Personal Beliefs About Change’. Psychology, Crime, and Law 6, 543–565.
Lowenkamp, C. T., Holsinger, A., Robinson, C.R. and Alexander, M. (2012) ‘Diminishing or Durable Treatment Effects of STARR? A Research Note on 24-Month Re-Arrest Rates’. Journal of Crime and Justice. 1–9.
Marshall, W. L. (2005) ‘Therapist Style in Sexual Offender Treatment: Influence on Indices of Change’. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment 17, 109–116.
Marshall, W. L. and Burton, D. L. (2010) ‘The Importance of Group Processes in Offender Treatment’. Aggression and Violent Behavior 15, 141–149.
Maruna, S. (2001) Making Good: How Ex-Convicts Reform and Rebuild Their Lives. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. doi: 10.1037/10430–000
Maruna, S. (2010) Understanding Desistance from Crime. http://www.clinks.org/assets/files/PDFs/Desistance.pdf (accessed 12 September 2012).
Massoglia, M. and Uggen, C. (2007). ‘Subjective Desistance and the Transition to Adulthood’. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 23, 90–103.
McGuire, J. (2002) ‘Criminal Sanctions versus Psychologically-Based Interventions with Offenders: A Comparative Empirical Analysis’. Psychology, Crime and Law 8, 183–208.
McKenzie, K., Witte, T., Beyko, M., Wong, S., Olver, M. and Wormith, J. S. (2002) Predictors of Attrition in a Sex Offender Program. Poster session presented at the Canadian Psychological Association’s 63rd Annual Convention, Vancouver, BC, May.
McMurran, M. and Ward, T. (2004) ‘Motivating Offenders to Change in Therapy: An Organizing Framework’. Legal and Criminological Psychology 9, 295–311.
Michenbaum, D. and Turk, D. C. (1987) Facilitating Treatment Adherence: A Practitioner’s Guidebook. New York, NY: Plenum.
Multi-Health Systems (2012). http://www.mhs.com/
Norcross and Lambert. (2005) ‘The Therapy Relationship’. in J. C. Norcross, L. E. Butler and R. F. Levant (Eds) Evidence-based Practices in Mental Health: Debate and Dialogue on the Fundamental Questions. American Psychologial Association.
Nunes, K. L. and Cortoni, F. (2006) The Heterogeneity of Treatment Non-Completers. Research Report No. R-176. Ottawa, Canada: Correctional Service Canada.
Nunes, K. L., Cortoni, F. and Serin, R. C. (2010) ‘Screening Offenders for Risk of Dropout and Expulsion from Rehabilitation Programs: Enhancing Correctional Outcomes’. Legal and Criminological Psychology 15, 341–356.
Piquero, A. R., Blumstein, A., Brame, R., Haapanen, R., Mulvey, E. P. and Nagin, D. S. (2001) ‘Assessing the Impact of Exposure Time and Incapacitation on Longitudinal Trajectories of Criminal Offending’. Journal of Adolescent Research 16, 54–74. doi:10.1177/0743558401161005
Project Match Research Group. (1998) ‘Matching Alcoholism Treatments to Client Heterogeneity: Project MATCH Three-year Drinking Outcomes’. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 22(6), 1300–1311.
Rice, M. E. and Harris, G. T. (1997) ‘The Treatment of Adult Offenders’. in D. M. Stoff, J. Breiling and J. D. Maser (Eds) Handbook of Antisocial Behavior. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
Rice, M. E. and Harris, G. T. (2005) ‘Comparing Effect Sizes in Follow-up Studies: ROC Area, Cohen’s d, and r’. Law and Human Behavior 29, 615–620.
Robinson, C. R., Vanbenschoten, S., Alexander, M., Lowenkamp, C. T. and Oleson, J.C. (2011) ‘A Random Study of Staff Training Aimed at Reducing Re-arrest (STARR): Using Core Correctional Practices in Probation Interactions’. Journal of Crime & Justice 35(2), 167–188.
Ross, E. C., Polaschek, D. L. L. and Wilson, M. J. (2011) ‘Shifting Perspectives: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Working Alliance Inventory with High-Risk Violent Offenders’. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 55, 1308–1323.
Sampson, R. J. and Laub, J. H. (2005) ‘A Life-Course View of the Development of Crime’. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 602, 12–45. doi: 10.1177/000271620528007
Scott, K. L. (2004) ‘Stage of Change as a Predictor of Attrition Among Men in a Batterer Treatment Program’. Journal of Family Violence, 19, 37–47.
Serin, R. C. (2006) Functional Competency Model for Offenders: Programming for Crime Desistance. Unpublished manuscript, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada.
Serin, R. C. and Lloyd, C. D. (2009) ‘Examining the Process of Offender Change: The Transition to Crime Desistance’. Psychology, Crime, & Law 15, 347–364.
Serin, R. C. and Prell, L. (2012) Pathways to Crime Desistance for Probationers. Presentation at the American Psychology-Law Conference, March.
Serin, R. C. and Preston, D. L. (2001) ‘Designing, Implementing and Managing Treatment Programs for Violent Offenders’. in G. A. Bernfeld, D. P. Farrington and A. W. Leischied (Eds) Offender Rehabilitation in Practice: Implementing and Evaluating Effective Programs (pp. 205–221). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
Serin, R. C. and Shturman, M. (2007). Maximizing Correctional Staff’s Contribution to Corrections. Corrections Today, 69(6), 30–32.
Serin, R. C., Kennedy, S. M., Mailloux, D. L. and Hanby, L. J. (2010) ‘The Origins of Treatment Readiness’. in A. Day, S. Casey, T. Ward, K. Howells and J. Vess (Eds) Transition to Better Lives: Offender Readiness and Rehabilitation. Devon, UK: Willan Publishing.
Serin, R. C., Mailloux, D. L. and Kennedy, S. M. (2007) ‘Development of a Clinical Rating Scale for Offender Readiness: Implications for Assessment and Offender Change’. Issues in Forensic Psychology 7, 70–80.
Serin, R. C., Preston, D. L. and Murphy, S. (2001) ‘Programming for Persistently Violent Offenders’. International Community Corrections Association Journal 10, 19–23.
Shturman, M. (2011). ‘Correctional Counsellor Relational Competency Assessment: Development and Validation’. Unpublished doctoral thesis. Carleton University.
Skeem, J. L., Louden, J., Polaschek, D. L. L. and Camp, J. (2007) ‘Assessing Relationship Quality in Mandated Community Treatment: Blending Care with Control’. Psychological Assessment 19, 397–410.
Smith, P., Gendreau, P. and Swartz, K. (2009) ‘Validating the Principles of Effective Intervention: A Systematic Review of the Contributions of Meta-Analysis in the Field of Corrections’. Victims and Offenders 4, 148–169.
Taxman, F. S. (1999) ‘Proactive Supervision: Supervision as Crime Prevention’. Journal of Offender Monitoring 12(2), 25–26.
Taxman, F. S., Henderson, C. and Lerch, J. (2010) ‘The Socio-Political Context of Reforms in Probation Agencies: Impact on Adoption of Evidence-Based Practices’. in F. McNeil, P. Raynor and C. Trotter (Eds) Offender Supervision: New Directions in Theory, Research and Practice. UK: Willan Publishing.
Travis, L. F. III and Stacey, J. (2010) ‘A Half Century of Parole Rules: Conditions of Parole in the United States, 2008’. Journal of Criminal Justice 38, 604–608.
Trotter, C. (1996). ‘The Impact of Different Supervision Practices in Community Corrections’. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology 29, 1–18.
Ullrich, S. and Coid, J. (2011) ‘Protective Factors for Violence Among Released Prisoners — Effects Over Time and Interactions with Static Risk’. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 79, 381–390.
van Voorhis, P., Spruance, L. M., Ritchey, P. N., Johnson-Listwan, S. and Seabrook, R. (2004) ‘The Georgia Cognitive Skills Experiment: A Replication of Reasoning and Rehabilitation’. Criminal Justice and Behavior 31, 282–305.
Wampold, E. (2001). The Great Psychotherapy Debate: Models, Methods, and Findings. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
Ward, T., Day, A., Howells, K. and Birgden, A. (2004) ‘The Multifactor Offender Readiness Model’. Aggression and Violent Behavior 9, 645–673.
Washington State Institute for Public Policy. (2004) Outcome Evaluation of Washington State’s Research-Based Programs for Juvenile Offenders. January. http://www.wsipp.wa.gov (accessed September 2012).
Wormith, J. S. and Olver, M. E. (2002) ‘Offender Treatment Attrition and Its Relationship with Risk, Responsivity, and Recidivism’. Criminal Justice and Behavior 29, 447–471.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2013 Ralph C. Serin, Caleb D. Lloyd, Laura J. Hanby and Marianna Shturman
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Serin, R.C., Lloyd, C.D., Lloyd, L.D., Shturman, M. (2013). What and Who Might Enhance Offender Compliance: Situating Responsibilities. In: Ugwudike, P., Raynor, P. (eds) What Works in Offender Compliance. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137019523_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137019523_6
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-137-01954-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-01952-3
eBook Packages: Palgrave Social Sciences CollectionSocial Sciences (R0)