Abstract
Experts of all kinds are now being inveigled to ‘tackle Broken Britain’. We are surrounded by pessimistic accounts of the ‘slow-motion moral collapse’ of Britain2 and by the invocation to fashion something called the ‘Big Society’ to respond to the challenge of encouraging ordinary people to take back responsibility for their lives and destinies. As the above quote designed to publicise a major conference reveals, exhortation proliferates. Such hyperbole was undoubtedly a major plank of Conservative Party policy in its 2010 election campaign. The official Cabinet Office statement proudly boasts that the ‘Big Society is about helping people to come together to improve their own lives.
Tackling Broken Britain: building a stronger society will follow the report of the Communities and Victims Panel, getting to grips with the fundamental issues of our society, and establishing how to build strong, socially and economically resilient communities. Covering areas such as youth services, education, welfare, health and social care and criminal justice, and examining potential solutions such as community budgets and early intervention initiatives, this timely and high-profile seminar is a must-attend event for professionals from across the public sector and beyond.1
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Notes
See A. Giddens (1994) Beyond Left and Right. Cambridge: Polity;
Z. Bauman (1989) Freedom. Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
On social exclusion see R. Levitas (2005) The Inclusive Society? (2nd ed.) Palgrave Macmillan;
R. Putnam (2000) Bowling Alone. New York: Simon and Shuster; also see the useful overviews in
D. Halpern (2000) Social Capital. Cambridge: Polity;
R. Edwards, J. Franklin and J. Holland (eds) (2007) Assessing Social Capital: Concept, Policy and Practice. Cambridge: Scholars Press.
The culture of poverty idea originates in Oscar Lewis’s (1960) The Children of Sanchez. London: Penguin, and emphasised the fatalism and lack of initiative in poor cultures.
P. Bourdieu (1984) Distinction. London: Routledge;
P. Bourdieu et al (1999) The Weight of the World. Cambridge: Polity.
M. Savage (2000) Class Analysis and Social Transformation. Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
Quoted in S. Duncan, R. Edwards and C. Alexander (eds) (2009) Teenage Parenthood: What’s the Problem? London: Tufnell Press.
S. Howlett (2009) ‘Setting the Scene: Volunteering Trends and Issues’, Roehampton University, mimeo.
H. Clarke, D. Sanders, M. Stewart and P. Whiteley (2006) ‘Taking the Bloom off New Labour’s Rose: Party Choice and Voter Turnout in Britain’, Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties, 16(1): 3–36.
P. Hall (1998) ‘Social Capital in Britain’, British Journal of Politics, 29: 417–61.
See A. Warde, G. Tampubolon, B. Longhurst, K. Ray, M. Savage and M. Tomlinson (2003) ‘Trends in Social Capital: Membership of Associations in Great Britain’, British Journal of Political Science, 33: 515–25.
See C. Pattie, P. Syed and P. Whiteley (2004) Citizenship in Britain: Values, Participation and Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
B. Jackson (1968) Working Class Community. London: Penguin.
R. McKibbin (1998) Classes and Cultures in Britain. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
See M. Savage (1987) The Dynamics of Working Class Politics: The Labour Movement in Preston, 1880–1940. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press;
M. Savage and A. Miles (1993) The Remaking of the British Working Classes 1880–1940. London: Routledge.
All details taken from J. Achur (2011) Trade Union Membership 2010. HMSO: Department for Business, Information and Skills.
Y. Li, M. Savage and A. Pickles (2003) ‘Social Capital and Social Exclusion in England and Wales, 1972–1999’, British Journal of Sociology, 54: 497–526.
L. Platt (2009) ‘Social Participation, Social Isolation and Ethnicity’, The Sociological Review, 57(4): 670–702.
See T. Bennett, M. Savage, E. Silva, A. Warde, M. Gayo-Cal and D. Wright (2009) Culture, Class Distinction. London: Routledge.
See also B. LeRoux, H. Rouanet, M. Savage and A. Warde (2008) ‘Class and Cultural Division in the UK’, Sociology, 42(6): 1049–71;
Y. Li, M. Savage and A. Warde (2008) ‘Social Mobility and Social Capital in Contemporary Britain’, British Journal of Sociology, 59(3): 391–411.
See F. Devine, M. Savage et al (2011) Britain’s New Class Structure, mimeo, report to the BBC.
I have developed this argument at length in M. Savage (2010) ‘The Politics of Elective Belonging’, Housing, Theory and Society, 26(1): 115–61, where I argue that working-class households display a concern to ‘dwell’, characterised by extensive informal engagement with kin and acquaintances living nearby and a relatively weak set of interests in formal cultural engagement. This is in direct contrast to middle-class forms of ‘elective belonging’ discussed later in this chapter.
See R. Silverstone (1995) Media and Everyday Life. London: Routledge;
D. Morley (2005) ‘The Domestication of the Media and the Dis-location of Domesticity’ in T. Berker, M. Hartmann, Y. Purie and K. Ward (eds) The Domestication of Media and Technology. Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
See A. Miles and M. Savage (2011) ‘Telling a Modest Story: Accounts of Men’s Upward Mobility from the National Child Development Study’, British Journal of Sociology, 62(3): 418–41.
V. Walkerdine and L. Jiminez (2012) Gender, Work and Community After De-industrialisation. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
R. Ford and M. Goodwin (2008) ‘Angry White Men: Individual and Contextual Predictors of Support for the British National Party’, Political Studies, 58: 1–25.
See S. Majima and M. Savage (2007) ‘Have There Been Culture Shifts in Britain?’, Cultural Sociology, 1(3): 293–315. The specific problem here is that Inglehart argues that materialist values have declined in part because fewer people see fighting inflation as a national priority. However, given that infla-ion rates have fallen in most nations since the 1970s, the fact that fewer respondents identify this as a problem may simply reflect these economic trends.
A. Heath, J. Curtice and G. Elgenius (2009) ‘Individualisation and the Decline of Class Identity’ in M. Wetherell (ed.) Identity in the 21st Century. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
See also P. Surridge (2007) ‘Class Belonging: A Quantitative Exploration of Identity and Consciousness’, British Journal of Sociology, 58(2): 207–27.
G. Evans and J. Tilley (2012) ‘How Parties Shape Class Politics: Explaining the Decline of the Class Basis of Party Support’, British Journal of Political Science, 42: 137–61.
P. Surridge (2012) ‘A Reactive Core? The Configuration of Values in the British Electorate, 1986–2007’, Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties, 22(1): 51–76;
A. Heath, D. Fisher, D. Sanders and M. Sobolewska (2011) ‘Ethnic Heterogeneity in the Social Bases of Voting at the 2010 British General Election’, Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties, 21(2): 255–77.
G. Evans (2007) Educational Failure and the White Working Class. Basingstoke: Palgrave;
J. Edwards (2000) Born and Bred. Oxford: Clarendon; McKenzie, this volume.
M. Savage, G. Bagnall and B. Longhurst (2001) ‘Ordinary, Ambivalent and Defensive: Class Identities in the North-West of England’, Sociology, 35(4): 875–92.
M. Savage (2007) ‘Changing Social Class Identities in Post-War Britain: Perspectives from Mass-Observation’, Sociological Research Online, 12(3); V. Walkerdine, H. Lucey and J. Melody (2002) Growing Up Girl: Psychosocial Explorations of Gender and Class. London: Palgrave.
See M. Savage, G. Bagnall and B. Longhurst (2005) Globalization and Belonging. London: Sage;
M. Savage (2010) Identities and Social Change in Britain Since 1940. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
See more generally, T. Butler and G. Robson (2003) London Calling. Aldershot: Ashgate;
S. Parker, E. Uprichard and R. Burrows (2007) ‘Class Places and Place Classes: Geodemographics and the Spatialisation of Class’, Information, Communication and Society, 10(6): 902–21;
R. Atkinson (2006) ‘Padding the Bunker: Strategies of Middle Class Disaffiliation and Colonization in the City’, Urban Studies, 43(3): 819–32.
B. Skeggs (2004) Class, Self, Culture. London: Routledge.
S. Ball (2003) Educational Strategies and the Middle Classes. London: Palmer;
D. Reay, G. Crozier and D. James (2011) White Middle Class Identities and Urban Schooling. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
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© 2013 Mike Savage
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Savage, M. (2013). Broken Communities?. In: Atkinson, W., Roberts, S., Savage, M. (eds) Class Inequality in Austerity Britain. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137016386_9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137016386_9
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