Abstract
On March 18, 1975, Attorney Deborah Mailman entered the Terry Sanford Federal Building and Courthouse located on New Bern Avenue in downtown Raleigh, North Carolina. In her leather briefcase, she held a complaint and preliminary injunction alleging a myriad of constitutional violations to be filed with the clerk of court. The North Carolina Prisoners’ Labor Union (NCPLU), Incorporated was named as the plaintiff.1 North Carolina secretary of corrections David L. Jones and North Carolina commissioner of corrections Ralph Edwards were named as the defendants. There was a great irony that the NCPLU’s complaint was being filed in a building named after Terry Sanford. Although his past career included successful bids a senator, governor, university dean, and presidential candidate, he was most known for establishing the North Carolina Fund, which aimed to lessen minority poverty and further the cause for civil rights in North Carolina during the 1960s.2 Even greater, the North Carolina Fund served as a catalyst for such national programs as Head Start, Community Action Movement, and Volunteers in Service to America (VISTA): the former organization where black radicals Jim Grant and TJ Reddy volunteered before they were incarcerated in Raleigh’s Central Prison for their involvement in the Charlotte Three case.
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Notes
Robert Rogers Korstad and James LeLouidis, To Right These Wrongs: The North Carolina Fund and the Battle to End Poverty in America during the 1960s (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2010).
Relevant Docket Entries, Jones v. North Carolina Prisoners’ Labor Union, Inc., 433 U.S. 119 (1977): iv, U.S. Supreme Court Records and Briefs, FO-0150–76 1977) (No. 75–1874), Appalachian State University Library, Boone, NC.
Peter Remick, In Constant Fear: The Brutal, True Story of Life within the Walls Of the Notorious Walpole Prison (New York: Readers Digest Press, 1975).
Relevant Docket Entries, Jones v. North Carolina Prisoners’ Labor Union, Inc., 433 U.S. 119 (1977), i–iii, U.S. Supreme Court Records and Briefs, FO-0150–76 1977) (No. 75–1874), Appalachian State University Library, Boone, NC.
Paul Keve, Prison Life and Human Worth (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1974).
Deposition of Paul W. Keve, Relevant Docket Entries, Jones v. North Carolina Prisoners’ Labor Union, Inc., 433 U.S. 119 (1977), 6, 12, 21–24, U.S. Supreme Court Records and Briefs, FO-0150–76 1977) (No. 75–1874), Appalachian State University Library, Boone, NC. (1975), 6, 12, 21–24.
Deposition of Paul W. Keve, Relevant Docket Entries, Jones v. North Carolina Prisoners’Labor Union, Inc., 433 U.S. 119 (1977), 6, 12, 21–24, U.S. Supreme Court Records and Briefs, FO-0150–76 1977) (No. 75–1874), Appalachian State University Library, Boone, NC. (1975), 6.
Deposition of James W. Mullen, Relevant Docket Entries, Jones v. North Carolina Prisoners’ Labor Union, Inc., 433 U.S. 119 (1977), 6, 12, 21–24, U.S. Supreme Court Records and Briefs, FO-0150–76 1977) (No. 75–1874), Appalachian State University Library, Boone, NC. (1975), 3–4, 22.
Affidavit of Fred G. Morrison, Relevant Docket Entries, Jones v. North Carolina Prisoners’ Labor Union, Inc., 433 U.S. 119 (1977), 6, 12, 21–24, U.S. Supreme Court Records and Briefs, FO-0150–76 1977) (No. 75–1874), Appalachian State University Library, Boone, NC. (1975), 2.
Memorandum Decision, Jones v. North Carolina Prisoners’ Labor Union, Inc., 433 U.S. 119 (1977), U.S. Supreme Court Records and Briefs, FO-0150–76 1977) (No. 75–1874), Appalachian State University Library, Boone, NC. (1975), Jurisdictional Statement, Appendix A.
Memorandum Decision, Jones v. North Carolina Prisoners’ Labor Union, Inc., 433 U.S. 119 (1977), U.S. Supreme Court Records and Briefs, FO-0150–76 1977) (No. 75–1874), Appalachian State University Library, Boone, NC. (1975), Jurisdictional Statement, Appendix A. See also, North Carolina Prisoners’ Labor Union, Inc. v. Jones, 409 F. Supp. 937 (E.D.N.C. 1976), 946.
Notice of Appeal, Jones v. North Carolina Prisoners’ Labor Union, Inc., 433 U.S. 119 (1977), Jurisdictional Statement, Appendix A, U.S. Supreme Court Records and Briefs, FO-0150–76 (1977) (No. 75–1874), Appalachian State University Library, Boone, NC.
U.S. Government Amicus Curiae Brief in Support of the North Carolina Department of Corrections, Jones v. North Carolina Prisoners’ Labor Union, Inc., 433 U.S. 119 (1977), U.S. Supreme Court Records and Briefs, FO-0150–76 (1977), Case No. 75–1874, Appalachian State University Library, Boone, NC.
California Prisoners’ Union, Inc. Amicus Curiae Brief, Jones v. North Carolina Prisoners’ Labor Union, Inc., 433 U.S. 119 (1977), Jurisdictional Statement, Appendix C, U.S. Supreme Court Records and Briefs, FO-0150–76 (1977) (No. 75–1874), Appalachian State University Library, Boone, NC.
John Irwin, “Nationwide Unions: Coming Together,” The Outlaw: Journal of the Prisoners’ Union 2, no. 1 (May–June 1973): 1. (Thomas James Reddy Papers, Box 1, Folder 8, Special Collections, J. Murrey Atkins Library, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC); “Ex-Con Reports Prisoner Union Drive Has Begun,” Durham Herald, March 15, 1973, D1; Everett R. Hulles, “Convicts Seek to Form a National Union,” New York Times, September 26, 1971, 74; Steven V. Roberts, “Prisons Feel a Mood of Protest,” New York Times, September 19, 1971, 1; Fred Ferretti, “Attica ‘Leaders’ Charged Conditions are Worse since Rioting,” New York Times, November 17, 1971, 32; Perlmutter, “Prisoners’ Union Formed Upstate,” 1.
Alan Bailey. “Prisoners’ Unions,” Unpublished paper, Antioch Law School, August 6, 1973, 7–8; Irwin, “Nationwide Unions: Coming Together,” 2–3.
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© 2012 Donald F. Tibbs
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Tibbs, D.F. (2012). Won and Appealed. In: From Black Power to Prison Power. Contemporary Black History. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137013064_9
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