Abstract
So wrote a melancholy Ronald Ross as he toiled in India, hoping to discover the means by which to cure this dreadful scourge. In 1898, his years of research in outposts of the Indian Medical Service would finally be validated when he discovered that the malaria parasite was transmitted through mosquito saliva during the act of biting. Although Ross’ malaria research was indisputably a monumental advance in understanding malaria’s epidemiology, the implications of his research for India were far from clear.
In this, O Nature, yield I pray to me. I pace and pace, and think and think, and take The fever’d hands, and note down all I see, That some dim distant light may haply break.
The painful faces ask, can we not cure? We answer, No, not yet; we seek the laws. O God, reveal thro’ all this thing obscure The unseen, small, but million-murdering cause.1
Ronald Ross
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Notes
Ronald Ross, ‘Indian Fevers’, Philosophies (London: John Murray, 1911), p. 21. Ross wrote this poem during his appointment in Bangalore from 1890–3.
J. A. Sinton, What Malaria Costs India (Delhi: Government of India Press, 1956 [1939]), pp. 4–22. In early life, infants died mostly from the indirect effects of malaria such as premature birth and malnutrition; whereas in later childhood, children died by direct or secondary infections. Adults tended to die from secondary illnesses.
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97 percent of the world’s supply of quinine came from Java with Bengal and Madras producing 2.5 percent. About 200,000 pounds of quinine were being consumed annually in India by the end of the 1930s. C. F. Strickland, Quinine and Malaria in India (London: Oxford University Press, 1939), pp. 4–5, 9.’ summary Report of the Inaugural Meeting of the Central Advisory Board of Health’, p. 34.
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‘Annual Report’ (1926): 210. Bonification had been initially popularized in Italy as a means of controlling malaria. Hughes Evans, ‘European Malaria Policy in the 1920s and 1930s: The Epidemiology of Minutiae’, Isis, 80 (1989), p. 43.
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Sugata Bose and Ayesha Jalal, Modern South Asia: History, Culture, Political Economy (New York: Routledge, 2004), pp. 104–5.
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© 2012 Sandhya L. Polu
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Polu, S.L. (2012). Malaria — India’s True Plague. In: Infectious Disease in India, 1892–1940. Cambridge Imperial and Post-Colonial Studies Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137009326_4
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