Abstract
During the first five years of Nazi persecution, from 1933 to 1938, about 130,000 of the 525,000 Jews living in Germany left the country. No nation welcomed Jewish refugees; antisemitism was a worldwide disease. Except for a handful of famous people, like Albert Einstein, each escape was a triumph of luck and determination. Every year it became more difficult to find refuge.
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Notes
The classic work on restrictive American immigration policies is David Wyman, Paper Walls: America and the Refugee Crisis 1938–1941 (Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press, 1968). See also
Bat-Ami Zucker, “American Refugee Policy in the 1930s,” in Refugees from Nazi Germany and the Liberal European States, ed. Frank Caestecker and Bob Moore (New York: Berghahn Books, 2010), p. 162.
In October, 1934, 32 Jewish doctors from Germany were reported to be practicing in Shanghai: “Refugee Doctors Settle in Orient,” Jewish Telegraphic Agency, October 5, 1934, JTA Jewish News Archive. James R. Ross, Escape to Shanghai: A Jewish Community in China (New York: Free Press, 1994), pp. 24–25, describes some of the early refugees.
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© 2012 Steve Hochstadt
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Hochstadt, S. (2012). In the Third Reich. In: Exodus to Shanghai. Palgrave Studies in Oral History. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137006721_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137006721_2
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, New York
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