Abstract
Before 1870, European interest in Africa was confined to coastal towns that were important for sea trade: Cape Town, South Africa, for example became a victualling station for passing ships on their way to the East. But by 1914 nearly all of Africa had been colonised. Africa was, so to speak, carved up by various nations, with France and Britain holding the greatest portion of the African continent. Germany, Italy, Portugal and Belgium also held some territories. Most of today’s borders come from the lines drawn by Europeans at the 1884 conference held in Berlin. No native Africans were invited to attend this conference, and therefore it is not surprising that no African group accepted colonisation without resistance.
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Notes and References
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Hilliard, V.G., Wissink, H.F. (1999). Alternative Administration: A Southern African Perspective. In: Henderson, K.M., Dwivedi, O.P. (eds) Bureaucracy and the Alternatives in World Perspective. International Political Economy Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780333983355_9
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