Abstract
This chapter will discuss democratic achievements and challenges to democratization in Russia since 1985. It will then examine the prospects for democratic development in the context of Russia’s ability to learn from its own past experience and from the West. However, we shall look first at the relevant history.
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Notes and references
Juan J. Linz and Alfred Stepan, Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation: Southern Europe, South America, and Post-Communist Europe (Baltimore, Md: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996) p. 378.
Vladimir Shlapentokh, ‘The Four Faces of Mother Russia’, Transitions, vol. 4, no. 5, (October 1997), pp. 59–65;
Michael Urban, The Rebirth of Politics in Russia (Cambridge University Press, 1997) p. 92;
Lilia Shevtsova and Scott A. Bruckner, ‘Where is Russia Headed? Toward Stablity or Crisis?’, Journal of Democracy, vol. 8, no. 1, (1997) pp. 12–26.
Samuel Huntington, The Third Wave. Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century (Norman, OK.: University of Oklahoma Press, 1991) p. 6.
A. A. Sobianin and B. G. Sukhovolskii, Demokratiia ogranichennaia falsifikatsiiami: vybory i referendumy v Rossii v 1991–1993 gg. (Moscow: Proektnaia gruppa po pravam cheloveka, 1995).
In the 1996 gubernatorial elections, almost half of the incumbents did not win. See Vera Tolz and Irina Busygina, ‘Regional Governors and the Kremlin: The Ongoing Battle for Power’, Communist and Post-Communist Studies, vol. 30, no. 4 (1997) pp. 401–26.
Adam Przeworski, ‘Some Problems in the Study of the Transition to Democracy’, in G. O’Donnell (et al. (eds), Transitions from Authoritarian Rule. Comparative Perspective (Baltimore, Md: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1988), p. 58.
On the composition of the post-Communist ruling elite, see Steven White and Olga Kryshtanovskaya, ‘From Soviet Nomenklatura to Russian Elite’, Europe-Asia Studies, vol. 48, no. 5 (1996) pp. 728–99.
Alexey Alyushin, ‘Russia’, East European Constitutional Review, vol. 4, no. 2 (Spring 1995) pp. 65–6.
Richard Sakwa, Russian Politics and Society (London: Routledge, 1996) pp. 147–8.
Stephen Holmes, ‘When Less State Means Less Freedom’, Transitions, vol. 4, no. 4 (September, 1997) pp. 74.
Grigorii Yavlinsky, ‘Where Is Russia Headed? An Uncertain Prognosis’, Journal of Democracy, vol. 8, no. 1 (1997) pp. 6.
Vera Tolz, ‘The Civic Accord: Contributing to Russia’s Stablitiy?’ RFE/RL Research Report, vol. 3, no. 19 (May 1994) pp. 1–5.
S. L. Solnik, ‘Federal Bargaining in Russia’, East European Constitutional Review, vol. 4, no. 4, (1995) pp. 52–9.
Richard Rose, ‘Where Are Post-Communist Countries Going?’, Journal of Democracy, vol. 8, no. 3, (1997) p. 102.
A. Przeworski et al., ‘What Makes Democracies Endure?’, Journal of Democracy, vol. 7, no. 1, (1996) p. 46.
Victor Perez-Diaz, The Return of Civil Society. The Emergence of Democratic Spain (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1993) p. 39.
See, for example, V. M. Mezhuev, ‘Rossiiskii put tsivilizovannogo razvitiia’, in V. M. Mezhuev, Mezhdu proshlym i budushchim (Moscow: Rossiiskaia Akademiia Nauk, Institut filosofii, 1996) pp. 128–50.
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© 2000 Vera Tolz
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Tolz, V. (2000). Russia’s Democratic Transition and Its Challenges. In: Garrard, J., Tolz, V., White, R. (eds) European Democratization since 1800. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780333983317_10
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780333983317_10
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