Abstract
The Suharto regime always practised ethnic suppression on a massive scale; and there are ample signs that this practice is continuing in the post-Suharto era (see Chapter 6). Other factors — class, economic disparity, individual ambition, foreign intervention — have encouraged repression but ethnic diversity has always been exploited as a useful pretext for discrimination and abuse. Ethnic cleansing, forced transmigration, the systematic transfer of Jakarta-friendly groups to distant regions — all have been developed as methods of intensifying the authoritarian grip of repressive regimes on a rich diversity of peoples.
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Notes
Quoted in Jim Aubrey (ed.), The Hobart East Timor Committee, ‘World War II and East Timor’, Free East Timor (New South Wales, Australia: Vintage, 1998), p. 19.
Michele Turner, Telling East Timor (Sydney, Australia: University of New South Wales Press, 1992), p. 41; quoted in ibid., p. 6.
See citations in Arnold Kohen and John Taylor, An Act of Genocide: Indonesia’s Invasion of East Timor (London: Tapol, The Indonesia Human Rights Campaign, 1979), pp. 27, 29.
D. Van Atta and B. Toohey, ‘The Timor Papers’, National Times, Australia, 30 May and 6 June 1982.
Quoted in John Taylor, Indonesia’s Forgotten War: The Hidden History of East Timor (London: Pluto Press, 1991), p. 64.
Peter Carey and G. Carter Bentley (eds), East Timor at the Crossroads: The Forging of a Nation (London: Cassell, 1995), p. 65.
J. S. Dunn, The East Timor Situation: Reports on Talks with East Timorese Refugees in Portugal (Canberra: Legislative Research Service, Australian Parliament, 1977).
Constancio Pinto and Matthew Jardine, East Timor’s Unfinished Struggle: Inside the Timorese Resistance (Boston, MA: South End Press, 1997), p. 45.
For descriptions of the East Timorese struggle, see Pinto and Jardine, op. cit.; Taylor, op. cit.; Torben Retboll, East Timor: Occupation and Resistance, International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA), Denmark, Document No. 89 (1998).
John Pilger, ‘The west’s dirty wink’, The Guardian Weekend, London, 12 February 1994.
Max Stahl (nom de plume), ‘Massacre among the graves’, The Independent on Sunday, London, 17 November 1991.
Ibid.; Raymond Whitaker, ‘Indonesia faces UK displeasure over Timor’, The Independent, London, 5 February 1992.
Hugh O’Shaughnessy, ‘Jakarta’s spider web of oppression’, The Observer, London, 30 May 1993.
Alex Spillius, ‘East Timor promised its freedom’, The Daily Telegraph, London, 28 January 1999.
Daniel Patrick Moynihan, A Dangerous Place (Bombay: Allied Publishers Private Ltd, 1979), p. 247.
Jill Jolliffe, ‘Fight to free a tortured nation’, The Guardian, London, 12 October 1990.
Terry McCarthy, ‘Indonesia’s bloody repression which the world ignores’, The Independent, London, 13 November 1990.
Hugh O’Shaughnessy, ‘Secret killing of a nation’, The Observer, London, 7 April 1991.
Pascal Mallet, ‘East Timor killings “unprovoked”’, The Independent, London, 14 November 1991.
Moses Manoharan, ‘East Timor general admits army at fault’, The Guardian, London, 15 November 1991.
Mark Curtis, ‘The executioner’s charter’, The Guardian, London, 25 November 1991.
Max Stahl, ‘Timor lacks ally among the mighty’, The Independent on Sunday, London, 5 January 1992.
Margaret Coles, ‘UK “lied about Timor jail visits”’, The Guardian, London, 13 August 1993.
Max Stahl, ‘Indonesians fed “death pills” to wounded’, The Sunday Times, London, 13 February 1994.
John Aglionby, ‘Human rights abuses mount in East Timor’, The Guardian, London, 25 November 1997; ‘East Timor: troops open fire on students’, Tapol. Bulletin No. 144 (December 19971. pp. 1–2.
Richard Lloyd Parry, ‘Troops sent in despite promises’, The Independent, London, 24 October 1998.
John Aglionby, ‘Timorese are slaughtered as Indonesia talks peace’, The Observer, London, 31 January 1999.
Carmel Budiardjo and Liem Soei Liong, West Papua: The Obliteration of a People (London: Tapol, 1988), p. v.
Bishop Munninghoff, Violations of Human Rights in the Timika Area of Irian Jaya, Indonesia (Catholic Church of Jayapura, West Papua, August 1995).
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© 2000 Geoff Simons
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Simons, G. (2000). The Ethnic Suppression. In: Indonesia: The Long Oppression. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780333982846_2
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