Abstract
One of the main challenges for “world-class” firms in the early twenty-first century is managing diversity effectively. If diversity is effectively managed it can propel the organisation into a successful and competitive future, but if not, the growth and competitive advantage of the organisation can be severely hampered (Banutu-Gomez, 2002; Barkema et al., 2002; Booysen, Nkomo and Beaty, 2002; Human, 2005).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abraham, R. (1997), “The relationship of vertical and horizontal individualism and collectivism to intrapreneurship and organisational commitment”, Leadership and Organisational Development Journal, Vol. 18, No. 4, p. 179.
Adler, N.J. and Izraeli, D.N. (1994), “Where in the world are the women executives?”, Business Quarterly, Vol. 59, No. 1, p. 89.
Adonisi, M. (1994), “Conclusion: African management–The career in community”, in P. Christie, R. Lessem and L. Mbigi (eds), African Management. Philosophies, concepts and applications, Pretoria: Sigma Press, p. 309.
Allard, M.J. (2002), “Theoretical Underpinnings of Diversity”, in C. Harvey and M.J. Allard (eds), Understanding and managing diversity, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Appelbaum, S.H. and Shapiro, B.T. (1993), “Why can’t men lead like women?”, Leadership and Organisational Development Journal, Vol. 14, No. 7, p. 28.
Avolio, B.J. (1995), “Integrating transformational leadership and Afrocentric management”, Human Resource Management, Vol. 11, No. 6, p. 17.
Banutu-Gomez, M. (2002), “Leading and managing in developing countries: Challenge, growth and opportunities for twenty-first century organisations”, Cross-Cultural Management, Vol. 9, No. 4, p. 29.
Barkema, H.G., Baum, J.A.C. and Mannix, E.A. (2002), “Management challenges in a new time”, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 45, No. 5, p. 916–30.
Beaty, D.T. and Booysen, L. (1998), “Managing transformation and change”, in B.J. Swanepoel (ed.), South African Human Resource Management: Theory and Practice, Juta: Cape Town, p. 725.
Bennett, J. (2001), “Companies bleeding skilled Blacks at a rapid rate”, Sunday Times, 25 March.
Betters-Reed, B.L. and Moore, L.L. (1995), “Shifting the management development paradigm for women”, Journal of Management Development, Vol. 14, No. 2, p. 24.
Bhorat, H. (2001), “Explaining employment trends in South Africa: 1993–1998”, New Agenda South African Journal of Social and Economic Policy, 4th Quarter, p. 21.
Bickerstaffe, G. (1994), Which MBA? A critical guide to the world’s best programmes, 6th edition, Menlo Park, CA: Addison-Wesley.
Binedell, N. (1992), “New approaches”, People Dynamics, Vol. 10, No. 3, p. 1.
Booysen, A.E. (1988), Die verband tussen persoonlikheidsaspekte en roekelose of nalatige bestuur (unpublished MA dissertation, University of Pretoria).
Booysen, A.E. (1990), Tematiese appersepsies, terapeutbeskrywing en kliëntverslag: n konstruksionistiese passing (unpublished MA dissertation in Clinical Psychology, Rand Afrikaans University: Johannesburg).
Booysen, A.E. (1999), An examination of race and gender influences on the leadership attributes of South African managers (unpublished DBL dissertation, University of South Africa: Pretoria).
Booysen, L. (2001), “The duality in South African leadership: Afrocentric or Eurocentric”, South African Journal of Labour Relations, Vol. 25, No. 3–4, p. 36.
Booysen, L. (2005), Social Identity changes in South Africa: Challenges facing leadership, Inaugural lecture, 23 June, Midrand: University of South Africa, Graduate School of Business Leadership.
Booysen, L. and Beaty, D.T. (1997), “Linking transformation and change leadership in South Africa: A review of principles and practices”, SBL Research Review, Vol. 1, No. 1, p. 9.
Booysen, L., Nkomo, S. and Beaty, D. (2002), “Breaking through the numbers game: High impact diversity”, Management Today, Vol. 18, No. 9, p. 22.
Booysen, L., Nkomo, S. and Beaty, D. (2003), “A best practice model for building a valuing diversity culture”, Management Today, Vol. 19, No. 1, p. 33.
Chemers, M.M. and Murphy, S.E. (1995), “Leadership and diversity in groups and organisations”, in M.M. Chemers, S. Oskamp and M.A. Costanzo (eds), Diversity in organisations: New perspectives for a changing workplace, Sage: London, p. 157.
Chorn, N. (1995), Creating feminine values in organisations (Business Alert 1, University of the Witwatersrand Business School: Johannesburg).
Christie, P. (1994), “An integrated organisation perspective”, in P. Christie, R. Lessem and L. Mbigi (eds), African management: Philosophies, concepts and applications, Pretoria: Sigma Press, p. 183.
Cilliers, F. and May, M. (2002), “South African diversity dynamics. Reporting on the 2000 Robben Island diversity experience–A group relations event”, South African Journal of Labour Relations, Vol. 26, No. 3, p. 42.
Cox, T.H. and Blake, S. (2002), “Managing cultural diversity: implications for organisational competitiveness”, in C. Harvey and M.J. Allard (eds), Understanding and Managing Diversity, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Cox, T.H. and Finley, J.A. (1995), “An analysis of work specialisation and organisation level as dimensions of workforce diversity”, in M.M. Chemers, S. Oskamp and M.A. Costanzo (eds), Diversity in organisations: New perspectives for a changing workplace, London: Sage, p. 62.
Dorfman, P.W. (1996), “Part II: Topical Issues in International Management Research”, in J. Punnitt and O. Shanker (eds), International and Cross-cultural Leadership 267, Cambridge, MA: Blackwell, p. 267.
Eagly, A.H. and Johnson, B.T. (1996), “Gender and leadership style: A meta-analysis”, in R.M. Steers, L.W. Porter and G.A. Bigley (eds), Motivation and Leadership at Work, 6th edition, New York: McGraw-Hill, p. 315.
Eagly, A.H. and Carli, L.L. (2003a), “The female leadership advantage: An evaluation of the evidence”, The Leadership Quarterly, Vol 14, pp. 807–34.
Eagly, A.H. and Carli, L.L. (2003b), “Finding gender advantage and disadvantage: Systematic research integration is the Solution”, The Leadership Quarterly, Vol. 14, pp. 851–9.
Elliot, S. (2001), White men still top dogs in workplace (Business Day, 7 June).
Erasmus, B. (1998), “Women power: Aspects of working life in the late 1990s”, Management Today, 25–28 June.
Early, P.C. and Peterson, R.S. (2004), “The Elusive Cultural Chameleon: Cultural Intelligence as a New Approach to Intercultural Training for the Global Manager”, Academy of Management Learning and Education, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 100–15.
Ferdman, B.M. (1995), “Cultural identity and diversity in organisations: Bridging the gap between group differences and individual uniqueness”, in M.M. Chemers, S. Oskamp and M.A. Costanzo (eds), Diversity in organisations: New perspectives for a changing workplace, London: Sage, p. 37.
Govender, D. and Bayat, S. (1993), “Leadership styles: The gender issues”, Industrial and Social Relations, Vol. 13, Issue 314, p. 139.
Grobler, P.A. (1996), Leadership challenges facing companies in the new South Africa, Inaugural lecture, Department of Business Management, University of South Africa: Pretoria.
Harvey, C.P. and Allard, M.J. (2005), Understanding and Managing Diversity, New Jersey: Pearson Education International.
Hoecklin, L. (1996), Managing cultural differences: Strategies for competitive advantage, Singapore: Longman.
Hofstede, G. and Bond, M.M. (1988), “The Confucian connection: From cross-cultural roots to economic growth”, Organizational Dynamics, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 4–21.
Hofstede, G. (1980), Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values, London: Sage.
Hofstede, G. (1991), Cultures and organisations: Software of the mind, London: McGraw-Hill.
Hofstede, G. (1994), Uncommon sense about organisations, cases, studies and field observations, London: Sage.
Hofstede, G. (1996), “Cultural constraints in management theories”, in R.M. Steers, L.W. Porter and G.A. Bigley (eds), Motivation and leadership at work, 6th edition, New York: McGraw-Hill, p. 425.
House, R.J. (1993), Prospectus: The GLOBE study (unpublished manuscript, Pennsylvania).
House, R.J., Hanges, P.J. and Ruiz-Quintanilla, S.A. (1997a), “GLOBE: The global leadership and organisational behaviour effectiveness: Research program”, Polish Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 28, No. 3, p. 215.
House, R.J., Wright, N.S. and Aditya, R.N. (1997b), “Cross-cultural research on organisational leadership: A critical analysis and a proposed theory”, in P.C. Earley and M. Erez (eds), New Perspectives on international industry/organisational psychology, San Francisco, CA: New Lexington, p. 535.
House, R.J., Hanges, P.J., Javidan, M., Dorfman, P.W. and Gupta, V. (eds) (2004), Culture, Leadership and Organizations: The Globe Study of 62 Societies, London: Sage.
Hubbard, E.E. (2003), “Assessing, Measuring, and Analyzing the Impact of Diversity Initiatives”, in D.L. Plummer. (ed) Handbook of Diversity Management: Beyond Awareness to Competency Based Learning, New York: University Press of America, pp. 271–306.
Human, L. (1991), “Advancement, affirmation and diversity: What South Africa can learn from the USA”, IPM Journal, Vol. 9, No. 12, p. 11.
Human, L. (1996a), Contemporary conversations: Understanding and managing diversity in the modern world (Gorée, Senegal: Gorée Institute).
Human, L. (1996b), “Future competencies of managing diversity: What South African managers need”, in M.E. Steyn and K.B. Motshabi (eds), Cultural Synergy in South Africa, Pretoria: Sigma Press, p. 171.
Human, L. (2005), Diversity Management: For business success, Pretoria: Van Schaik.
Jacobson, C. (1999), Women still on a road to nowhere (Sunday Business Times, 7 March).
Kemp, N. (1994), “Managing diversity and affirmative action”, Human Resource Management, Vol. 10, No. 4, p. 26.
Khoza, R. (1994), “The need for an Afrocentric management approach — A South African-based management approach”, in P. Christie, R. Lessem and L. Mbigi (eds), African management: Philosophies, concepts and applications, Pretoria: Sigma Press, p. 117.
Klein, M. (1999), It’s nice work — if you can get it (Business Times, 31 January).
Koopman, A. (1994), “Transcultural management — in search of pragmatic humanism”, in P. Christie, R. Lessem and L. Mbigi (eds), African management: Philosophies, concepts and applications, Pretoria: Sigma Press, p. 41.
Kossek, E.E., Markel, K.S. and McHugh, P.P. (2003), “Increasing diversity as an HRM change strategy”, Journal of Organizational Change Management, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 328–52.
Lawrence, M.J. (1998), Gender and leadership (unpublished manuscript).
Lessem, R. (1996), “The Southern African businessphere”, in M.E. Steyn and K.B. Motshabi (eds), Cultural Synergy in South Africa, Pretoria: Sigma Press, p. 185.
Mabaso, J. (1998), “From managing diversity to managing reality”, People Dynamics, Vol. 16, No. 1, p. 15.
Madi, P. (1995), “Moving the centre”, People Dynamics, Vol. 13, No. 3, p. 12.
Mangaliso, M.P. (2001), “Building competitive advantage from Ubuntu: Management lessons from South Africa”, Academy of Management Executive, Vol. 15, No. 3, p. 23.
Manning, T. (1997), Radical strategy: How South African companies can win against global competition, Sandton: Zebra Press.
Mathur-Helm, B. (2004), “Equal Opportunity and Affirmative Action for South African Women: A benefit or barrier?”, Women in Management Review, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 56–71.
Mbigi, L. (1995), “The roots of Ubuntu in business: A definitive perspective”, in L. Mbigi and J. Maree (eds), Ubuntu: The spirit of African transformation management, Randburg: Knowledge Resources.
Mbigi, L. (1997), Ubuntu: The African dream in management, Randburg: Knowledge Resources.
Mbigi, L. (2000), In search of the African business renaissance, Randburg: Knowledge Resources.
McCuiston, V.E., Wooldridge, B.R. and Pierce, C.K. (2004), “Leading the diverse workforce: Profit, prospects and Progress”, The Leadership & Organization Development Journal, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 73–92.
Muendane, M. (1995), “Rich in diversity: A universal and man made entity, not a mystic gift from the divine”, Salut, Vol. 2, No. 8, pp. 56–7.
Nixon, J.C. and Dawson, G.A. (2002), “Reason for cross-cultural communication training”, Corporate Communications: An International Journal, Vol. 7, No. 3, p. 184.
Ntabazalila, E. (2001), Employment colour equity starts to boom (Pretoria News, 7 June).
Ocholla, D.N. (2002), “Diversity in the library and information workplace: A South African perspective”, Library Management, Vol. 23, No. 1–2, p. 59.
Offerman, L.R. and Phan, L.U. (2002), “Culturally intelligent leadership for a diverse world”, in R.E. Riggio, S.E. Murphy and F.J. Pirozzolo (eds), Multiple intelligences and leadership, London: Lawrence Erlbaum, p. 187.
O’Mara, J. (1994), Diversity activities and training designs, San Diego, CA: Pfeiffer.
Petersen, R.J. and Vermeulen, L.P. (1999), “Managing diversity in Israel: Some applications for South Africa”, South African Journal for Economic and Management Sciences, Vol. 1.
Pillay, D. (1999), Equity law is statutory change management (Business Day, 20 July).
Plummer, D.L. (2003), “Overview of the field of Diversity Management”, in D.L. Plummer (ed.), Handbook of Diversity Management: Beyond Awareness to Competency Based Learning, New York: University Press of America, pp. 1–55.
Potgieter, C. (1996), “Women’s lives across culture”, in M.E. Steyn and K.B. Motshabi (eds), Cultural synergy in South Africa, Pretoria: Sigma Press, p. 89.
Prekel, T. (1997), Building understanding between women and men — at work and at home (overview of discussion at Women in Management Conference, AIC Sandton, October).
Prime, N. (1999), Cross-cultural management in South Africa: Problems, obstacles and agenda for companies, at http://marketing.byu.edu/htmlpages/ccrs/proceedings99/prime. htm.
Rieger, H.S. and Blignaut, C.J.H. (1996), “Individualiteit, kollektiwiteit en lokus van beheer as mikroveranderlikes van Diversiteit”, Journal of Industrial Psychology, Vol. 22, No. 3, p. 35.
Rooseveldt, R.T. (1995), “A diversity framework”, in M.M. Chemers, S. Oskamp and M.A. Costanzo (eds), Diversity in organisations: New perspectives for a changing workplace, London: Sage, p. 245.
Rosener, J.B. (1990), “Ways women lead”, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 68, No. 6, pp. 119–25.
Schermerhorn, J.R. and Bond, M.H. (1997), “Cross-cultural leadership dynamics in collectivism and high power-distance settings”, Leadership and Organisational Development Journal, Vol. 18, No. 4, p. 187.
Shapiro, T. (2001), Top Executives are still White, male and underpaid (Business Day, 14 August).
Slabbert, J.A. and Swanepoel, B.J. (2002), Introduction to employment relations management: A global perspective, Durban: Butterworths.
Smit, C.G. (1977), An investigation into the management potential of South African women managers (unpublished MBL dissertation, University of South Africa, Graduate School of Business Leadership, Pretoria).
Sonn, J. (1996), “Rewriting the ‘White is right’ model: Towards an inclusive society”, in M.E. Steyn and Motshabi K.B. (eds), Cultural Synergy in South Africa, Pretoria: Sigma Press, p. 1.
Steyn, M.E. and K.B. Motshabi (1996), Cultural Synergy in South Africa, Pretoria: Sigma Press.
Swanson, D.R. (2002), “Diversity programs: Attitude and realities in the contemporary corporate environment”, Corporate Communications: An International Journal, Vol. 7, No. 4, p. 257.
Tayeb, M.H. (1996), The Management of a Multicultural Workforce, 2nd edition, New York: Wiley.
Thomas, A. and Bendixen, M. (2000), “The management implications of ethnicity in South Africa”, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 13, No. 3, p. 507.
Thomas, A. and Schonken, J.S. (1997), “Culture-specific management and the African management movement — verifying the Premises”, South African Journal of Business Management, Vol. 29, No. 11, p. 67.
Tramontin, M. (1993), From hierarchies to webs: A psychological understanding of gender differences in leadership styles (unpublished MA dissertation in Psychology, Widener University Microfiche reprints, UMI Bell & Howell Information Co).
Triandis, H.C. (1995), “A theoretical framework for the study of diversity”, in M.M. Chemers, S. Oskamp and M.A. Costanzo (eds), Diversity in organisations: New perspectives for a changing workplace, London: Sage, p. 11.
Van der Wal, R. and Ramotsehoa, M. (2001), “A cultural diversity model for corporate South Africa”, Management Today, Vol. 17, No. 6, p. 14.
Van der Westhuizen, C. (1999), Vroue-LP’s se stryd nie maklik (Naweek-Beeld, 17 July).
Van Wyk, M.W. (1998), “A critical analysis of some popular objections to affirmative action”, SBL Review, Vol. 2, No. 1, p. 1.
Veldsman, L. (2001), “Organisational Culture”, in J.A. Slabbert, B.J. Swanepoel, W. Backer and J.J. Prinsloo (eds), Managing Employment relations in South Africa, Johannesbug; Juta, Chapter 25.
Weiss, J.W. (2001), Organisational behaviour and change: Managing diversity, cross-cultural dynamics and ethics, 2nd edition, New Delhi: Thomson Learning.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2007 Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Booysen, L. (2007). Managing Cultural Diversity: A South African Perspective. In: April, K.A., Shockley, M. (eds) Diversity in Africa. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230627536_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230627536_5
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-28266-1
Online ISBN: 978-0-230-62753-6
eBook Packages: Palgrave Business & Management CollectionBusiness and Management (R0)