Abstract
In order to survive people need to do things. They have to eat and drink, protect themselves from heat and cold, violence and illnesses. These activities take time. There are great differences in the amount of time individuals, groups and societies spend on necessary activities, but most people, particularly among the wealthier groups and societies, will not have to spend all their time on these activities. Apart from time to rest and sleep, they will have some spare time, time not burdened with more or less unavoidable or obligated tasks. In societies where civil rights and freedoms are somehow (constitutionally) guaranteed, this spare time, if not wholly needed for rest and recuperation, can be experienced as relatively free time, time in which one feels free — and often actually is free — to pursue goals and undertake activities of one’s own choosing. Roughly speaking, leisure encompasses the goals and activities people choose freely to fill their least obligated time.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Bibliography
Aitchison, C. C. (2003) Gender and Leisure: Social and Cultural Perspectives London and New York, Routledge.
Bauman, Z. (1987) Legislators and Interpreters: On Modernity, Post-modemity and Intellectuals Cambridge, Polity Press.
Bauman, Z. (2001) The Individualized Society Cambridge, Polity Press.
Beck, U. and Willms, J. (2004) Conversations with Ulrich Beck Cambridge, Polity Press.
Beckers, T. and Mommaas, H. (1996) ‘The International Perspective in Leisure Research: Cross-National Contacts and Comparisons,’ in H. Mommaas, H. van der Poel, P. Bramham and I. P. Henry (eds) Leisure Research in Europe: Methods and Traditions Wallingford: CAB International, pp. 209–44.
Berger, B. M. (1963) ‘The Sociology of Leisure: Some Suggestions,’ in E. O. Smigel Work and Leisure: A Contemporary Social Problem New Haven, CT, College and University Press, pp. 21–40.
Berlin, I. (1982) Four Essays on Liberty Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Castells, M. (1996–98) The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture (3 vols), Oxford, Blackwell.
Castells, M. (2001) The Internet Galaxy Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Clarke, J. and Critcher C. (1985) The Devil Makes Work: Leisure in Capitalist Britain London, Macmillan.
Corijn, C. (1998) De onmogelijke geboorte van een wetenschap. Verkenningen in de ontwikkeling van de studie van de vrijetijd Brussels, VubPress.
Critcher, C, Bramham, P. and Tomlinson, A. (eds) (1995) Sociology of Leisure. A Reader London, E. & F. N. Spon.
Cross, G. (1993) Time and Money: The Making of Consumer Culture London and New York, Routledge.
Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990) Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience New York, HarperCollins.
Cushman, G., Veal, A. J. and Zuzanek, J. (eds) (1996) World Leisure Participation: Free Time in the Global Village Wallingford, CAB International.
Deem, R. (1986) All Work and No Play? The Sociology of Women and Leisure Milton Keynes, Open University Press.
Dicken, P. (1998) Global Shift: Transforming the World Economy London, Paul Chapman.
Dumazedier, J. (1962) Vers une civilisation du loisir Paris, Le Seuil.
Elias, N. and Dunning, E. (1986) Quest for Excitement: Sport and Leisure in the Civilising Process Oxford, Blackwell.
Florida, R. (2002) The Rise of the Creative Class: And How it’s Transforming Work, Leisure, Community and Everyday Life New York, Basic Books.
Fourastié, J. (1965) Les 40.000 heures: Inventaire de l’avenir Paris, Laffont-Ganthiers.
Friedmann, G. (1950) Ou va le travail humain? Paris, Gallimard, 1970.
Giddens, A. (1976) New Rules of Sociological Method Cambridge, Polity Press, 1993.
Goldman, R. and Papson, S. (1998) Nike Culture: The Sign of the Swoosh London, Sage.
Gratton, C. and Henry, I. P. (eds) (2001) Sport in the City: The Role of Sport in the Economic and Social Regeneration London and New York, Routledge.
Horna, J. (1994) The Study of Leisure: An Introduction Toronto, Oxford University Press.
Jackson, E. L. and Burton T. L. (eds) (1999) Leisure Studies: Prospects for the Twenty-First Century State College, PA, Venture Publishing.
Jary, D. and Horne, J. (1987) ‘The Figurational Sociology of Sport and Leisure of Elias and Dunning and its Alternatives,’ Loisir et Société/Society and Leisure 10(2): 177–94.
Kelly, J. R. (1999) ‘Leisure and Society: A Dialectical Analysis,’ in E. L. Jackson and T. L. Burton (eds) Leisure Studies: Prospects for the Twenty-First Century State College, PA, Venture Publishing, pp. 53–68.
Kurzer, P. (2001) Markets and Moral Regulation: Cultural Change in the European Union Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Lanfant, M-F. (1972) Les théories du loisir Paris, Presses Universitaires de France.
Maguire, J. (1999) Global Sport: Identities, Societies, Civilizations Cambridge: Polity Press.
Mommaas, H. (1996) ‘The Study of Free Time and Pleasure in the Netherlands: The End of the Legislator,’ in H. Mommaas, H. van der Poel, P. Bramham and I. P. Henry (eds) Leisure Research in Europe: Methods and Traditions Wallingford, CAB International, pp. 63–106.
Mommaas, H., van der Poel, H., Bramham, P. and Henry, I. (1996a) ‘Leisure Research in Europe: Trajectories of Cultural Modernity,’ in H. Mommaas, H. van der Poel, P. Bramham and I. P. Henry (eds) Leisure Research in Europe: Methods and Traditions Wallingford, CAB International, pp. 245–84.
Mommaas, H., van der Poel, H., Bramham, P. and Henry, I. (eds) (1996b) Leisure Research in Europe: Methods and Traditions Wallingford, CAB International.
Mommaas, H. and van der Poel, H. (1987) ‘New Perspectives on Theorizing Leisure,’ Loisir et Société/Society and Leisure 10(2): 161–76.
Nahrstedt, W. (1972) Die Entstehung der Freizeit Göttingen, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
Parker, S. (1976) The Sociology of Leisure London, George Allen & Unwin.
Parry, N. C. A. (1983) ‘Sociological Contributions to the Study of Leisure,’ Leisure Studies 2(1): 57–81.
Pentland, W E., Harvey, A. S., Lawton, M. P. and McColl, M. A. (eds) (1999) Time Use Research in the Social Sciences New York, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
Pine, B. J. and Gilmore, J. H. (1999) The Experience Economy Boston, Harvard Business School Press.
Rifkin, J. (2000) The Age of Access: How the Shift from Ownership to Access is Transforming Modem Life London, Penguin.
Ritzer, G. (2004) The Globalization of Nothing Thousand Oaks, CA, Pine Forge Press.
Roberts, K. (1970) Leisure London, Longman.
Roberts, K. (1978) Contemporary Society and the Growth of Leisure London, Longman.
Roberts, K. (1999) Leisure in Contemporary Society Wallingford, CAB International.
Robinson, J. P. and Godbey, G. (1997) Time for Life: The Surprising Ways Americans Use Their Time University Park, PA, Pennsylvania State University Press.
Rojek, C. (1985) Capitalism and Leisure Theory London, Tavistock.
Rojek, C. (1995) Decentring Leisure: Rethinking Leisure Theory London, Sage.
Shapiro, C. and Varian, H. R. (1999) Information Rules: A Strategic Guide to the Network Economy Boston, Harvard Business School Press.
Szalaï, A. (1972) The Use of Time: Daily Activities of Urban and Suburban Populations in Twelve Countries The Hague, Mouton.
van der Poel, H. (1997) ‘Leisure and the Modularization of Daily Life,’ Time & Society 6(2/3): 171–94.
van Moorst, H. (1982) ‘Leisure and Social Theory,’ Leisure Studies 1(2): 157–69.
Ward, S. V. (1998) Selling Places: The Marketing and Promotion of Towns and Cities 1850–2000 London, E. & F. N. Spon.
Willis, P. (1990) Common Culture: Symbolic Work at Play in the Everyday Cultures of the Young Milton Keynes, Open University Press.
Wippler, R. (1968) Sociale determinanten van het vrijetijdsgedrag Assen, van Gorcum.
Wolf, M. J. (1999) The Entertainment Economy: How Mega-media Forces are Transforming Our Lives London, Penguin.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2006 Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
van der Poel, H. (2006). Sociology and Cultural Studies. In: Rojek, C., Shaw, S.M., Veal, A.J. (eds) A Handbook of Leisure Studies. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230625181_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230625181_6
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-4039-0279-5
Online ISBN: 978-0-230-62518-1
eBook Packages: Palgrave Social & Cultural Studies CollectionSocial Sciences (R0)