Abstract
On the afternoon of February 13, 1919, representatives of the Council of Ten — including Woodrow Wilson, Georges Clemenceau, the British Foreign Minister Arthur Balfour, Vittorio Orlando and Sidney Sonnino (the Italian Premier and Foreign Minister respectively), Baron Makino (the Japanese Foreign Minister), the Maharaja of Bijkaner, and a number of government experts and secretaries — gathered in the rooms of M. Pichon, the French Foreign Minister at the Quai d’Orsay. Although their meeting was a routine part of the peace process, some of the participants recorded this occasion as atypical. Wilson had brought to it a request for permission ‘to make a statement on the question of women representation [sic]’:
‘The state has never really admitted the existence of women as human beings…’
A. Maude Royden, 1917.1
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Notes
A. Maude Royden, Women and the Sovereign State ( London: Headley Bros., 1917 ), p. 63.
S. Wambaugh, Plebiscites since the World War: With a collection of official documents, vol. 1 (Washington: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1933 ), p. 477.
A. Zimmern, ‘The International Settlement and Small Nationalities’ (1919), in The Prospects of Democracy, and Other Essays (New York: Books for Libraries Press, 1968 [1929]), p. 117.
M. Degen, The History of the Woman’s Peace Party (Baltimore: John Hopkins University, 1939 ), Appendix F.
R. W. Seton-Watson, ‘Elsie Inglis’, The New Europe December January (1917–1918).
C. Macmillan, ‘Deputation to the Peace Conference’, Towards Peace and Freedom, (1919) 17–19.
F. F. Andrews, Memory Pages of My Life ( Boston: Talisman Press, 1948 ), p. 116.
K. Jayawardena, Feminism and Nationalism in the Third World ( London: Zed Books, 1986, p. 52.
Helena Swanwick, Women’s International League: Coloured troops in Europe May 1920.
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© 2006 Glenda Sluga
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Sluga, G. (2006). Gender and the Apogee of Nationalism, 1914–1919. In: The Nation, Psychology, and International Politics, 1870–1919. The Palgrave Macmillan Transnational History Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230625037_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230625037_6
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