Abstract
Established during the First intifada—the Palestinian civil revolt against Israeli occupation, which began in December 1987—Hamas, the Islamic Resistance Movement, tr aces its or igins to the Muslim Br other hood, founded in Egypt in 1928 by Hassan al-Banna. The Brotherhood sought to revitalize Islam and to establish an Islamic state, with no distinction between religion and the state. Its members considered Palestine, permanently and exclusively, a Muslim land so designated by Allah.
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Notes
Bruce Hoffman, Inside Terrorism, New York: Columbia University Press, 1998, 162.
Amal Saad-Ghorayeb, Hizbu’llah: Politics and Religion, London: Pluto Press, 2002, 73.
Walter Laqueur, The New Terrorism: Fanaticism and the Arms of Mass Destruction, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999, 138–139.
Leaflet of the Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas), January 1988, Reproduced in Charles D. Smith, Palestine and the Arab-Israeli Conflict: A History with Documents, Fifth edition, Boston, MA: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2004, 433–434.
James Forest (ed.), Teaching Terror: Strategic and Tactical Learning in the Terrorist World, Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2006, 194–195.
Shaul Mishal and Avraham Sela, The Palestinian Hamas: Vision, Violence, and Coexistence, New York: Columbia University Press, 2000, 51–52.
John Horgan, The Psychology of Terrorism, New York: Routledge, 2005, 131.
For extended discussions of this social psychological observation, see Ariel Merari, “Social, Organizational, and Psychological Factors in Suicide Terrorism,” in Tore Bjorgo (ed.), Root Causes of Terrorism(London: Routledge, 2005), 70–86
A. Merari, “Psychological Aspects of Suicide Terrorism,” in B. Bongar, L. Brown, L. Beutler, J. Breckenridge and P. Zimbardo (eds.), Psychology of Terrorism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007)
A. Merari, “Suicidal Terrorism,” in R.I. Yufit and D. Lester (eds.), Assessment, Treatment, and Prevention of Suicidal behavior (Indianapolis: Wiley, 2004), 431–453.
Horgan, The Psychology of Terrorism, 101. On the basis of a survey by B. Barber, Heart and Stones: Palestinian Youth from the Intifada, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.
J.M. Post, E. Sprinzak, and L.M. Denny, “The Terrorists in Their Own Words: Interviews with 35 Incarcerated Middle Eastern Terrorists,” Terrorism and Political Violence, vol. 15, no. 1 (2003), 171–184.
Jessica Stern, Terror in the Name of God: Why Religious Militants Kill, New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 2003, 38.
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© 2009 Michael T. Kindt, Jerrold M. Post, and Barry R. Schneider
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Post, J.M. (2009). Hamas: The Islamic Resistance Movement. In: Kindt, M.T., Post, J.M., Schneider, B.R. (eds) The World’s Most Threatening Terrorist Networks and Criminal Gangs. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230623293_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230623293_7
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