Abstract
In 1998, in a speech at the 53rd Session of the UN General Assembly, the President of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Mohammad Khatami, called “for a dialogue among civilizations and cultures instead of a clash between them.”1
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Notes
See Chandra Muzaffar (2005) At the Crossroads (Petaling Jaya, Malaysia: International Movement for a Just World—JUST).
See Mahmood Mamdani (2004) Good Muslim, Bad Muslim (New York: Pantheon Books).
The history and growth of Hizbullah is elaborated in Abdar Rahman Koya (2006) Hizbullah Party of God (Kuala Lumpur: The Other Press in association with Crescent International).
For a detailed account of Western machinations in the “Middle East,” see Robert Fisk (2006) The Great War for Civilisation (Britain: Harper Perennial).
See Chandra Muzaffar (1996) Dominance of the West over the Rest (Malaysia: JUST) and (1996) Human Wrongs (Malaysia: JUST), on how hegemony has always trumped democracy.
See “Algeria in the Dock” in Chandra Muzaffar (1993) Human Rights and the New World Order (Penang: Just World Trust).
This point emerges in several of the dialogues between Noam Chomsky and Gilbert Achcar (2007) Perilous Power The Middle East and US Foreign Policy (London: Hamish Hamilton).
An exception in Western literature on Muslim women from an ear-lier period would be Charis Waddy (1980) Women in Muslim History (London and New York: Longman).
Some interesting insights on the weapons of mass destruction issue and the decision to go to war can be found in Bob Woodward (2006) State of Denial. Bush at War Part III (New York: Simon and Schuster).
See Michael Northcott (2004) An Angel Directs The Storm (London-New York: I. B. Tauris).
Also, Stephen R Sizer (2004) Christian Zionists (Surrey, Britain: Christ Church Publications).
There is some discussion on this in Zafar Ishaq Ansari and John L. Esposito (eds.) (2001) Muslims and the West: Encounter and Dialogue (Islamabad and Washington, DC: Islamic Research Institute, International Islamic University and Centre for Muslim-Christian Understanding, Georgetown University).
This is especially because of the United States’s formidable nuclear arsenal. For a comprehensive discussion on the nuclear weapons and hegemony, see Joseph Gerson (2007) Empire and the Bomb (London: Pluto Press).
Resistance to hegemony is analyzed in Chandra Muzaffar (2007) “Resisting Hegemony; Raising Dignity,” in Corrine Kumar (ed.), Asking, We Walk (Bangalore: Streelekha Publications).
It has been exhaustively examined in Phyllis Bennis (2006) Challenging Empire (Northampton, MA: Olive Branch Press).
The popularity of James Petras (2006) The Power of Israel in the United States (Atlanta: Clarity Press), which went into a third print within three months of its appearance toward the end of 2007, is testimony to this. The John Mearsheimer and Stephen Walt (2006) essay, “The Israel Lobby and US Foreign Policy” (John. F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, Working Paper no. RWP06–011, March 13), also generated a lot of debate.
So did the Jimmy Carter (2006) Palestine: Peace, Not Apartheid (New York: Simon and Schuster).
Among the scholars who have advanced this argument is Chalmers Johnson (2004) The Sorrows of Empire (United Kingdom: Verso).
The weaknesses and shortcomings of the Muslim community are discussed in “Morality in Public Life: The Challenge Facing Muslims,” in Chandra Muzaffar (2003) Muslims, Dialogue, Terror (Petaling Jaya, Malaysia: International Movement for a Just World).
The imperative importance of emphasizing the “universal” in all religions has been a constant theme in my writings since the mid-seventies. See for instance Chandra Muzaffar (ed.) (1979) The Universalism of Islam (Penang: Aliran).
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© 2009 Michális S. Michael and Fabio Petito
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Muzaffar, C. (2009). Quo Vadis, the Dialogue of Civilizations? September 11 and Muslim-West Relations. In: Michael, M.S., Petito, F. (eds) Civilizational Dialogue and World Order. Culture and Religion in International Relations. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230621602_10
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230621602_10
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