Abstract
There have been a number of typologies of nationalism, yet the most useful for this study, which will be briefly explored here, is the division between territorial and ethnic nationalism. France and Germany are the most-known examples of territorial and ethnic nationalism, respectively. French nationalism was shaped under the influence of the work of Rousseau. The civic-territorial concept of the nation was further developed during the French Revolution. All the members of the nation were citizens, equal before the law, while the members of the ancien regime did not even qualify as parts of the nation.1 Civic-territorial nationalism was carried to its extremes by the Jacobins. The nation was defined in even narrower terms. The opponents of the Jacobin reform program were confronting the general will of the nation, it proclaimed, and could not be members of it; they were consequently fiercely prosecuted. Emphasis on the historic civilizing mission of the nation, national homogenization through mass education, the lack of any tolerance for minorities, militancy, and missionary zeal also characterized Jacobin nationalism.2 The civic-territorial model of nationalism outlasted the rule of Jacobins, shaped French national identity, and became popular across Western Europe. On the other hand, German nationalism was influenced by Romanticism and the German unification movement.
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Notes
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© 2009 Ioannis N. Grigoriadis
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Grigoriadis, I.N. (2009). Turkish National Identity. In: Trials of Europeanization. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230618053_6
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