Abstract
Any attempt to investigate the fundamental issues that brought about the outbreak of the first civil war in Southern Sudan in 1955 requires an understanding not only of the marked differences between the North and the South, but also of the broader historical backdrop against which events would play out. The stage began to be set as far back as the 1820s, when Turco-Egyptian forces first established control over the Northern Sudan as they sought natural resources and economic expansion. The Southern Sudan remained isolated, as it had for many centuries, by the upper Nile swamplands known as the Sudd and the forests and mountains farther south and east. In 1841, however, this isolation was broken when Turco-Egyptian steamers penetrated the interior of the South, and exploitation of the animal and human resources of the region began. The Turco-Egyptians and Northern Sudanese Arabs first scoured the region for ivory but soon resorted to slaving, which provided them with great profits.
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Notes
Muddathir Abdel-Rahim, “Fourteen Documents on the Problem of the Southern Sudan,” Middle Eastern Journal (April 1966): 1.
Robert O. Collins, “The Sudan: Link to the North,” in The Transformation of East Africa: Studies in Political Anthropology, ed. Stanley Diamond and Fred G. Burke ( New York: Basic Books, 1962 ), 374.
Robert O. Collins, The Southern Sudan in Historical Perspective ( Tel Aviv: University of Tel Aviv Student Association, 1975 ), 62.
Robert O. Collins, Shadows in the Grass: Britain in the Southern Sudan 1918–1956(New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1983), 172–78, 222–23, 261–73.
See also Muddathir Abdel-Rahim, “The Development of British Policy in the Southern Sudan: 1899–1947,” University of Khartoum, 1965, 6. [Conference Paper]
John Tosh, “The Economy of the Southern Sudan under the British, 1898–1955,” Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 9, no. 3 (1981), 277.
Joseph Oduho and William Deng, The Problem of the Southern Sudan ( London: Oxford University Press, 1963 ), 45.
M. W. Daly, Imperial Sudan: The Anglo-Egyptian Condominium, 1934–1956 ( Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991 ), 104–14.
C. H. Stigand, Equatoria: The Lado Enclave ( London: Frank Cass, 1968 ), 201.
Kenneth David Druitt Henderson, Sudan Republic ( London: Ernest Benn, 1965 ), 161.
Robert O. Collins, Land Beyond the Rivers: The Southern Sudan, 1898–1918 ( New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1971 ), 225–26.
Frank Burdette Jackson, “Condominium Rule in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan,” (Ph.D. Dissertation, Ohio State University, 1982 ), 299.
Joseph Lagu, “Beginning of the Revolt,” Anya-Nya: What We Fight For (AnyaNya Armed Forces: South Sudan Liberation Movement, January 1972), 2 [Pamphlet].
Memorandum Presented, 4, quoting from Ronald Segal, Political Africa: A Who’s Who of Personalities and Parties (New York: Praeger, 1961), 448.
Bona M. M. Ring, “The Causes of the Southern Dissensions,” Khartoum (September 24, 1964): 6. Document available in the private collection of the author.
Joseph Lagu, interview by Scopas Poggo, London, March 25, 1997. 13 1. Dunstan M. Wai, “The Afro-Arab Conflict in the Sudan,” (Ph.D. Dissertation, Harvard University, 1973 ), 114.
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© 2009 Scopas S. Poggo
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Poggo, S.S. (2009). The Torit Mutiny of 1955. In: The First Sudanese Civil War. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230617988_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230617988_3
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