Abstract
To assert the primacy of politics in the incorporation periods of Egypt and Mexico would be to state the obvious. The political struggles of the pre- and postrevolutionary periods are critical to understanding the origins, profile, and support bases of the Mexican and Egyptian states. Different political rationales drove the processes of regime formation and coalition building in the two countries. Establishing control over the lower classes involves political mobilization, which can be violent and destabilizing, but the successful institutionalization of mass support increases state builders’ capacity to consolidate their rule and policy agenda. Regime elites in Mexico and Egypt sought to limit the duration of mass mobilization, direct it through approved organizational channels, and guide social groups toward different elite-defined objectives. How state elites directed mass participation would have a powerful effect on the institutional profiles of the postrevolutionary authoritarian regimes.
I don’t believe the 1952 revolution had any positive features, since democracy is still missing. Even its social reforms led to the failure of our economy. The greatest failure of the revolution is the lack of democracy, which I believe led to our defeat in 1967. Egypt has never experienced a democratic government from 1952 until now … The revolution embraced the slogan “raise your head, my brother, for the age of oppression is over,” but it replaced it with the heavy foot of Abdel Nasser that kept people’s heads down.
—Awad El-Morr1
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Notes
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© 2009 Hishaam D. Aidi
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Aidi, H.D. (2009). The Founding Moment. In: Redeploying the State. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230617902_3
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