Case Studies 4: Homogeneity and Heterogeneity

Abstract

In this chapter, three combinations of homogeneity and heterogeneity are examined none of which lead to relevant changes in the strategic structure through the introduction of a multi-level system. Section 8.1 examines the effects on the strategic constellation if actors are either homogeneous or heterogeneous at all levels. The examples of the pollution of an international lake and an international river are used to illustrate. In section 8.2, a situation is analyzed where the actors at L0 are homogeneous within the jurisdictions, but are heterogeneous between the jurisdictions. Consequently, the L1 actors are also heterogeneous—provided that there is no divergence between the representatives and their constituencies. This is illustrated by the example of global warming.