Abstract
This chapter explores the opinions expressed by Japanese intellectuals on the terrorist attacks of 9/11 on the United States, and the subsequent “global war on terrorism,” and the manner in which they attempted to express these views for the general, albeit highly interested, public. It introduces the debates seen in the following monthly intellectual journals: Sekai, Ushio, Gendai, Ronza, Chuo Koron, Bungei Shunju, Shokun!, and Seiron.1 In addition, discussions on terrorism and the Iraq War (2003) appearing in academic journals such as Kokusai Anzen Hosho and Kokusaiho Gaiko Zasshi are also introduced. It does not take up in detail discussions of books published by Japanese academics, as they are generally not as timely as monthly journals and even some academic journals tend to be so. Similarly, the debates in the visual and written media, such as television and newspapers, are not taken up here as they are discussed in other chapters in this book, namely chapters one, two, and three.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Notes
Kikuchi Kan, “From the Editor,” Bungei Shunju, Vol. 1, No. 1 (January 1923).
Sakamoto Yoshikazu, “Tero to ‘Bunmei’ no Seijigaku (The Political Science of Terrorism and ‘Civilization’),” Sekai, No. 697 (January 2002), p. 59. Sakamoto (1927–) is professor emeritus of Tokyo University, his alma mater. His works include Gunshuku no Seijigaku (The Politics of Disarmament) ( Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, 1982 ).
Yamazaki Masakazu, “Terrorizumu ha Hanzai de Shikanai (Terrorism is a Crime, Pure and Simple),” Chuo Koron, Vol. 116, No. 11 (November 2001), p. 34. Yamazaki (1934–) is a graduate of Kyoto University and has been a professor at Osaka University and a well-known playwright. His many works include Individualism and the Japanese (Tokyo: The Japan Echo, Inc., 1994 ).
Yamauchi Masayuki, “‘Hirakareta Shakai’ no ‘Teki’ (The ‘Enemy’ of ‘Open Society’),” Shokun!, Vol. 33, No. 11 (November 2001), p. 65. A graduate of Hokkaido University, Yamauchi (1947–) is currently a professor at Tokyo University. His works include Bunmeiron to Shite no Isuramu (Islam as Civilization) ( Tokyo: Kadokawa Shoten, 2002 ).
Tanaka Akihiko, “Tero to no ‘Senso’ de Nihon ha Nani wo Nasu Beki Ka (What Should Japan Do in the ‘War’ on Terrorism),” Chuo Koron, Vol. 116, No. 11 (November 2001), p. 105. Tanaka (1954–) received his doctorate at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and is currently a professor at Tokyo University. His works include Anzen Hosho (Security) ( Tokyo: Yomiuri Shimbunsha, 1997 ), p. 282.
Sakai Keiko, “‘Seigi’to ‘Seigi’ no Tatakai ni Suru Na (Don’t Make This into a Fight between [Two Views of] ‘Justice’),” Chuo Koron, Vol. 116, No. 11 (November 2001), pp. 94–5. Sakai is a senior fellow at the Institute of Developing Economies (Ajia Keizai Kenkyusho) in Tokyo. Her book, Iraku to Amerika ( Iraq and America), won the 2003 Asia Pacific Award (Ajia Taiheiyo Sho), sponsored by the Asia Affairs Council of the Mainichi Shimbun.
Terashima Jitsuro, “21 Seiki Nihon Gaiko no Kosoryoku Iraku Senso o Koete (The Power of Japan’s Diplomatic Thinking in the 20th–21st Century: Beyond the Iraq War),” Ronza, No. 104 (January 2004), p. 23. Terashima (1947–) is a regular commentator on Asahi Television programs. After graduating from Waseda University’s graduate program, he entered Mitsui Bussan. He currently serves as director of Mitsui’s Global Strategic Studies Institute, and as a professor of his alma mater.
Matsuda Takeo, “Kokusai Terorizumu to Jieiken (International Terrorism and the Right of Self-Defense),” Kokusaiho Gaiko Zasshi, Vol. 101, No. 3 (November 2002), p. 4. Matsuda (1946–) is a professor of Osaka City University and is a graduate of Nagoya University’s graduate program. His works include Kokusaiho (International Law) ( Tokyo: Yuhikaku, 2002 ).
Asada Masahiko, “Doji Tahatsu Tero Jiken to Kokusaiho (The Simultaneous Terrorist Attacks and International Law),” Kokusai Anzen Hosho, Vol. 30, Nos. 1 & 2 (September 2002), p. 79. Asada, a graduate of Kyoto University, is currently a professor at his alma mater. His coauthored books include Tairyo Hakai Heiki Fukakusan no Kokusai Seijigaku (The International Politics of Non-Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction) ( Tokyo: Yushindo Kobun Sha, 2000 ), p. 285.
Yamazaki Masakazu, “Bunmei Tai Hanbunmei (Civilization versus Those against Civilization),” Ushio, No. 515 (January 2002), p. 78.
Tanaka Akihiko, “Beikoku, Iraku Kogeki no Mittsu no Shinario (3 Scenarios of a U.S. Attack on Iraq),” Chuo Koron, Vol. 117, No. 1 (October 2002), p. 52.
Iokibe Makoto, “Kyoki to Hakai wo Koete (Going beyond Madness and Destruction),” Ronza, No. 79 (December 2001), p. 19. Born in 1943, Iokibe graduated from Kyoto University before joining the faculty of Hiroshima University. In 1981, he moved to Kobe University. He has been a member of several governmental advisory panels. His works include Beikoku no Nihon Senryo Seisaku (U.S. Occupation Policy for Japan). He became the eighth president of the National Defense Academy on August 1, 2006.
Yamauchi Masayuki, “Posuto Tariban to Yuurashia Seijigaku (Post Taliban and the Politics of Eurasia),” Chuo Koron, Vol. 117, No. 1 (January 2002), pp. 43–4.
Aoi Chiyuki, “9.11 Go no Gunji Kodo to Kokuren Taisei (Military Actions Following 9/11 and the United Nations System),” Kokusai Anzen Hosho, Vol. 30, Nos. 1 & 2 (September 2002), p. 88. Aoi received her PhD at Columbia University. After serving as a researcher at the United Nations University, she is now an associate professor at Aoyama Gakuin University.
See U.S. Government, The National Security Strategy of the United States of America, September, 2002, p. 6.
See U.S. Government, Department of Defense, Annual Report to the President and the Congress 2002, August 15, 2002, p. 30.
Toyoshita Narahiko, “‘Atarashii Senso’ to ‘Furui Domei’ (‘The New War’ and ‘the Old Alliance’),” Sekai, No. 697 (January 2002), p. 70. Born in 1945, Toyoshita has been a professor at Kyoto University, Ritsumeikan University, and is now at Kansai Gaku in University.
Sakai Keiko, “Fusein to Amerika no Sakuso Shita Kankei (Complicated Relations between Hussein and the U.S.),” Ushio, No. 531 (May 2003), p. 78.
Matsumoto Kenichi, “Beikoku Tsuizui ha Honto ni Kokueki ka (Is Going Along With the U.S. Really in the National Interest?),” Ronza, No. 102 (November 2003), p. 36. After graduating from Tokyo University, Matsumoto (1936–) has been a historian and critic, and currently is a professor at Reitaku University.
Fujiwara Kiichi, “Teikoku no Senso ha Owaranai (The Empire’s Never-Ending War),” Sekai, No. 713 (May 2003), p. 59. Fujiwara (1956–) is a specialist in international relations. After completing from graduate school at Tokyo University, he worked as an associate professor at Chiba University before taking up a position at his alma mater.
Mogami Toshiki, “Kokuren Heiwa Taisei ga Shuen Suru Mae ni (Before the End of the UN Peace System),” Sekai, No. 711 (March 2003), p. 60. A graduate of Tokyo University, Mogami (1950–) is a professor at International Christian University. His works include Jindoteki Kainyu (Humanitarian Intervention) ( Tokyo: Iwanami Shinsho, 2001 ), p. 286.
Nishibe Susumu, “Amerika Senryaku ni Haramareru Kyoki” (Madness Fraught in the U.S. Strategy),” Seiron, No. 369 (April 2003), p. 67. After working as a professor at Tokyo University, his alma mater, Nishibe (1939–) has been active as a conservative commentator.
Fukuda Kazuya, “Teikoku no Kage no Moto de (Under the Shadow of the Empire),” Shokun!, Vol. 35, No. 6 (June 2003), p. 30.
Okamoto Atsuhisa, “Chijo wo Oi Tsukusu ‘Anzen no Sensei’ (‘The Tyranny of Safety’ on the Ground),” Ronza, No. 96 (May 2003), p. 70. Okamoto (1959–) is a specialist on constitutional law. After completing graduate school at Senshu University, he has worked as a professor at Hiroshima University and currently is at Kobe Gakuin University.
Kobayashi Masaya, “‘Han Tero’ Sekai Senso no Kakudai ni Koshite (Resisting Expansion of the Global War on ‘Terrorism’),” Ronza, No. 97 (June 2003), p. 79. Kobayashi, born in 1963, graduated from Tokyo University and currently is an associate professor at Chiba University. His field is political theory, and his works include Seijiteki Onko Shugiron (Political Opportunism) (Tokyo: Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai, 2000 ).
Murata Koji, “Kyocho Sareta ‘Iraku no Sekinin’ ‘Kita Chosen’ (The Emphasized ‘Responsibility of Iraq’ and ‘North Korea’),” Ronza, No. 102 (November 2003), p. 44. Murata (1964–) studied at the George Washington University prior to completing graduate school at Kobe University. He has worked as an associate professor at Hiroshima and Doshisha Universities. His books include Daitoryo no Zasetsu (Frustration of a President) ( Tokyo: Yuhikaku, 1998 ), p. 287.
Ikeuchi Satoshi, “Iraku ‘Tai Tero’ Senso ni Fusenpai ha Yurusarenai (We Cannot Lose in the Iraqi ‘Anti-Terror’ War),” Ronza, Vol. 36, No. 101 (January 2004), p. 57. Born in 1973, Ikeuchi studied at Tokyo University and then moved to Egypt to study Arabic language and culture before returning to his alma mater to earn his master’s degree. After working as a researcher at the Institute of Developing Economies for several years, Ikeuchi moved to the International Research Center for Japanese Studies as an associate professor in 2004.
Yokota Yozo, “Kokuren Kensho no ‘Hatten Teki Kaishaku’ he (Toward a ‘Progressive Interpretation’ of the UN Charter),” Chuo Koron, Vol. 118, No. 6 (June 2003), p. 63. [A full English language translation of the article appears as “The UN Charter and the Attack on Iraq,” Japan Echo, Vol. 30, No. 4 (August 2003), pp. 31–3.] Born in 1940, Yokota completed graduate studies at Tokyo University and currently is a professor at Chuo University. His numerous works include Kokusai Kiko no Ho Kozo (The Structure of the Law of International Organizations) ( Tokyo: Kokusai Shoin, 2001 ), p. 288.
Shikata Toshiyuki, “Fusein ha Korosanai (Hussein Cannot be Killed),” Shokun, Vol. 34, No. 2 (November 2002), p. 73
Mayama Akira, “Buryoku Kogeki no Hassei to Jieiken Koshi (The [U.S.] Armed Attack and the Use of the Right of Self-Defense),” Kokusai Anzen Hosho, Vol. 31, No. 4 (March 2001), p. 23. Shikata (1936–) is a graduate of the National Defense Academy, and earned his PhD at Kyoto University. He served as the commander, Northern Headquarters, Ground Self-Defense Forces. Currently he is a professor at Teikyo University, specializing in security studies. Mayama (1957–), a specialist in international law, did his graduate work at Kyoto University. After working as an associate professor at Konan University, he has been a professor at the National Defense Academy.
Morimoto Satoshi, “‘Iraku no Jiyu’ Sakusen no Kyokun to Imiai (Lessons and Implications of Operation ‘Iraqi Freedom’),” Gaiko Foramu, Vol. 16, No. 7 (July 2003), p. 42. Born in 1941, Morimoto graduated from the National Defense Academy and served in the Air Self-Defense Force before joining the Foreign Ministry. After heading the National Security Policy Division of the Informational Analysis Bureau in MOFA, he retired. Since then, he has been a researcher at the Nomura Research Institute and a professor at Takushoku University. His writings include Anzen Hoshoron (On Security) (Tokyo: PHP Kenkyusho, 2000 ).
Jinbo Ken, “‘Sensei Kodo’ o Seitoka Suru Beikoku no Ronri (The U.S. Logic that Legitimizes ‘Preemptive Action’),” Chuo Koron, Vol. 118, No. 4 (April 2003), pp. 121–2.
Yoshizaki Tomonori, “Kokusai Chitsujo to Beikoku no Sensei Kogeki Ron (International Order and U.S. Policy on Preemptive Strikes),” Kokusai Anzen Hosho, Vol. 31, No. 4 (March 2004), pp. 10–11. Born in 1962, Yoshizaki did his graduate work at Keio University after which he entered the National Institute for Defense Studies. As a senior researcher, he has focused on European security issues.
See U.S. Government, Remarks by the President from the USS Abraham Lincoln at Sea off the Coast of San Diego, California, May 1, 2003, http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2003/05/iraq/20030501–15.html (accessed May 2004 ).
Kitaoka Shinichi, “Aratamete Toku ‘Jieitai Iraku Haken’ no Imi (Talking Anew the Meaning of ‘Dispatching the SDF to Iraq’),” Chuo Koron, Vol. 119, No. 2 (February 2004), p. 110.
Agawa Naoyuki, “Soredemo Watashi ha Shin Bei wo Tsuranuku (I Will Still Always be Pro-U.S.),” Bungei Shunju, Vol. 80, No. 13 (October 2002), p. 268. Agawa (1951–) entered the Sony Corporation after studying at Keio and Georgetown Universities. While at Sony, he passed the bar as a lawyer. He subsequently became a professor at Keio University, teaching American Constitutional Law and history. Among his works is Umi no Yujo (Friendship Across the Sea) (Tokyo: Chuko Shinsho, 2001), p. 289. He completed his time as minister for public affairs at the Embassy of Japan in Washington, D.C., in March 2006 and has since returned to Keio University.
Nakanishi Hiroshi, “‘Kyofu to no Senso’ no Jidai (The Era of ‘the War against Terror’),” Chuo Koron, Vol. 119, No. 6 (June 2004), p. 47. After graduating from Kyoto University, Nakanishi (1962–) studied at the University of Chicago. Currently he is a professor at Kyoto University. Among his writings is Kokusai Seiji to wa Nani ka (What is International Relations?) ( Tokyo: Chuo Koronsha, 2003 ).
Yamauchi Masayuki, “Kita Chosen to Iraku no Akumu (The Nightmare of North Korea and Iraq),” Chuo Koron, Vol. 117, No. 1 (November 2002), pp. 66–67.
Yamauchi Masayuki, “Dai 2 ji Wangan Senso to Iraku no Saisei (The Second Gulf War and the Revival of Iraq),” Gaiko Foramu, Vol. 16, No. 5 (May 2003), p. 13.
Honma Nagayo, “Amerika wo Do Rikai Suru ka (How Should We Understand the U.S.?),” Gaiko Foramu, Vol. 16, No. 2 (February 2003), p. 17. Born in 1929, Honma graduated from Tokyo University, upon which he studied at Amherst College and Columbia University. He worked as a professor at Tokyo University, where he is now professor emeritus. Among his recent works is Shiso to Shite no Amerika (America as an Ideology) (Tokyo: Chuko Sosho, 1996 ).
Aikyo Koji, “Bei Gun Shien ha ‘Kenpo no Wakunai’ de ha Nai (Supporting of the U.S. Military is Not ‘Within the [Boundaries of the] Constitution’),” Sekai, No. 695 (December 2001), p. 55. Aikyo (1956–) is an associate professor at Nagoya University. After doing graduate work at Waseda University, he worked as an associate professor at Shinshu University. His field is the history of British constitutional thought, and his coauthored works include Gurobaru Anpo Taisei ga Ugokidasu (The Global Security System Moves) ( Tokyo: Nihon Hyoron Sha, 1998 ), p. 290.
Sakamoto Kazuya, “Domei no Haba o Hiroge ‘Seiryoku Kinko’ de Kyoryoku o (Expanding the Range of the Alliance and Cooperating by the ‘Balance of Power’),” Ronza, No. 93 (February 2003), p. 58. Sakamoto (1956–) finished graduate school at Kyoto University and continued his studies at Ohio State University. He is currently a professor at Osaka University. His specialty is diplomatic history, and his writings include Nichibei Domei no Kizuna (The Bonds of the Japan–U.S. Alliance) ( Tokyo: Yuhikaku, 2000 ).
Yamaguchi Jiro, “Taigi Naki Senryo he no Katan ha Yurusarenai (Having a Part in an Occupation Not Justified is Unacceptable),” Sekai, No. 726 (May 2004), p. 85. After graduating from Tokyo University, Yamaguchi (1958–) has worked as a professor at Hokkaido University. His field is policy studies, and a recent work of his is Sengo Seiji no Hakai (The Collapse of Postwar Politics) ( Tokyo: Iwanami Shinsho, 2004 ), p. 291.
Terashima Jitsuro, “Busshu Tandoku Haken Shugi no Hatan to Nippon (The Collapse of Bush’s Unilateral Hegemonism and Japan),” Ronza, No. 97 (June 2004), p. 53.
Tachibana Takashi, “Iraku Shuppei no Taigi wo To (On the Legitimacy of Dispatching Troops to Iraq),” Gendai, Vol. 38, No. 3 (March 2004), pp. 42–3. The reference to Siberia has to do with the prewar dispatching of Imperial Army troops to that region in 1918 as part of an Allied intervention there during the Communist revolution. After the Japanese government agreed to dispatch the troops, the Army took advantage, according to the late Edwin O. Reischauer, and his collaborator Albert M. Craig of “its ‘autonomy of command’ and sent in many times the number of troops originally agreed on and kept them there long after the other Allies [including the U.S.] had withdrawn. This action was enormously expensive and enormously unpopular within Japan. It contributed to the declining prestige of the military, and the troops were finally withdrawn in 1922 with nothing to show for their efforts.” See
Edwin O. Reischauer and Albert M. Craig, Japan: Tradition and Transformation (Tokyo: Charles E. Tuttle, Co., 1978 ), p. 235.
Koike Masayuki, “‘Fukko Jindo Shien’ ga Dekiru Joko de ha Nai (This is Not a Situation in Which We Can Provide ‘Reconstruction and Humanitarian relief’),” Sekai, No. 723 (February 2004), p. 85. After studying at Helsinki University, Koike (1951–) entered the Foreign Ministry and currently is a professor at the Japanese Red Cross’s Nursing College. He specializes in international law, and his writings include Kokusai Jindoho (International Humanitarian Law) ( Tokyo: Asahi Sensho, 2002 ).
Abe Koki, “Hahei ha ‘Fu Seigi’ he no Katan de Aru (Dispatching Troops is Playing a Part in the ‘Injustice’),” Sekai, No. 721 (December 2003), p. 49. Abe (1958–) completed graduate school at Waseda University and currently is a professor at Kanagawa University. His specialty is constitutional law and his works include Jinken no Kokusaika (The Internationalization of Human Rights) ( Tokyo: Gendai Jinbun Sha, 1998 ).
Tsuboi Yoshiharu, “Tai Tero Ajia Kokusai Kyoryoku Taisei no Kochiku wo (Construct an Anti-Terrorist, Asian International Cooperative System),” Sekai, No. 695 (December 2001), p. 58. Tsuboi (1948–) earned his PhD in Paris. After working as a professor at Hokkaido University, he joined the faculty of Waseda University. He specializes in Vietnamese studies, with one of his books titled Betonamu Gendai Seiji (Contemporary Politics in Vietnam).
Okamoto Yukio, “Wangan Senso no Yona Kakon wo Nokosanai Tameni (In Order Not to Leave Problems like those After the Gulf War),” Chuo Koron, Vol. 118, No. 11 (November 2003), p. 110. After graduating from Hitotsubashi University, Okamoto (1945–) joined the Foreign Ministry. He served as director of the North American Division. After retiring, he established the consulting firm Okamoto Associates.
Nakanishi Terumasa, “Koizumi Shusho yo ‘Rekishi no Chosen’ wo Ukete Tate (Prime Minister Koizumi, Stand Up and Accept ‘the History Challenge’),” Shokun, Vol. 36, No. 2 (February 2004), p. 48. Nakanishi (1947–) studied at Cambridge University and after working as a professor at Shizuoka Prefectural University, joined the faculty at Kyoto University. His books include the Daiei Teikoku Suiboshi (History of the Decline of the British Empire) ( Tokyo: PHP Bunko, 2004 ), p. 293.
Kakiya Isao, “Jieitai ga Iraku ni Ikanakattara Do Naru ka (What Would Happen if the SDF Doesn’t go to Iraq?),” Seiron, No. 380 (February 2004), p. 104. Kakiya (1938–) entered the Ground Self-Defense Forces after graduating from the National Defense Academy. After completing graduate school at Osaka University, he became a professor at the Academy. Currently, he is a commentator.
Hara Osamu, “Jieitai Iraku Haken ha Tai Kita Chosen Seisaku de Aru (Dispatching the SDF is a Policy Toward North Korea),” Seiron, No. 384 (June 2004), p. 91. Hara received his PhD at the University of Hawaii and is currently a lecturer at Hiroshima Women’s College. His field is the international relations of the Asia–Pacific.
Nakanishi Hiroshi, “Kokusai Seiji kara Mita ‘Jieitai Iraku Haken’ no Imi (The Significance of ‘Dispatching the SDF to Iraq’ from the View of International Politics),” Ushio, No. 541 (March 2003), p. 159.
Fujiwara Kiichi, “Iraku Wahei to Nippon no Yakuwari (Peace in Iraq and the Role of Japan),” Ushio, No. 544 (June 2004), p. 160.
Kamiya Matake, “Naze Jieitai o Iraku ni Haken Suru no ka (Why Dispatch the SDF to Iraq?),” Gaiko Foramu, Vol. 117, No. 3 (March 2004), pp. 26–7. Born in 1961, Kamiya graduated from Tokyo University. After completing graduating school at Columbia University, he has worked as a professor at the National Defense Academy. His field is international security studies, and nuclear issues in particular.
Furukawa Katsuhisa, “Fusein ha Naze Saidai no Kyoi ka ( Why is Hussein the Biggest Threat?),” Ronza, No. 93 (February 2003), p. 75. Furukawa (1966–) studied at the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard, and worked as a researcher at the Council on Foreign Relations before becoming a researcher at the Washington office of the Monterey Institute of International Studies. His field is security policy.
Watanabe Hirotaka, “Nichi Bei Domei to Sekai Anzen Hosho no Kishimi (The Japan–U.S. Alliance and Creak of World Security),” Chuo Koron, Vol. 118, No. 2 (February 2003), p. 97. Watanabe (1954–) earned his PhD in Paris and worked as a visiting researcher at the George Washington University. His specialty is French political and diplomatic history, and his works include Yooroppa Kokusai Kankeishi (The International Relations History of Europe) ( Tokyo: Yuhikaku, 2002 ).
Ikeuchi Satoshi, “Iraku Kokumin no Niizu wo Shirukoto ga Senketsu da (Knowing the Needs of the Iraqi People is Top Priority),” Chuo Koron, Vol. 119, No. 2 (February 2004), pp. 128–9.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2008 Robert D. Eldridge and Paul Midford
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Eldridge, R.D., Yasuaki, C. (2008). Japanese Intellectuals and Public Opinion in the War on Terrorism. In: Eldridge, R.D., Midford, P. (eds) Japanese Public Opinion and the War on Terrorism. Palgrave Macmillan Series in International Political Communication. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230613836_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230613836_6
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, New York
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-60328-2
Online ISBN: 978-0-230-61383-6
eBook Packages: Palgrave Political & Intern. Studies CollectionPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)