Skip to main content

Disciplining Perceptions, Punishing Violations: Captivity in Televisual Narratives of the Iraq Conflict

  • Chapter
Discipline and Punishment in Global Politics
  • 105 Accesses

Abstract

Images and representations project and sustain the power to discipline and punish. The power to “evoke emotional responses, demand attention, threaten us, influence memories, and change ideas of what is natural” underlies the influence of images (Reeves and Nass 1998, 251). Transforming images into a simulacrum of experience, television projects fear, panic, despair, hope, moral indignation, outrage, and purpose, signaling that “the conditions in which our beliefs are constituted have entered into a phase of intense evolution” (Stiegler 2002, 149). By increasing the complexity, accelerating the appearance, intensifying the presence, and extending the reach of images and representation, the worldwide spread of television projects and sustains the power to discipline and punish. Television images shape identities and values that sustain global power by giving them stability, coherency, and intelligibility. However, the complexity, speed, intensity, and extent of televisual image production often masks the fact that “reality is always lost in the acts of picturing and describing” (Taylor 1998, 4). The disjuncture between lived experience and representation can be glimpsed through the notion of “global presence”—that is, a sense of planetwide immediacy and “nowness,” of seeing and knowing, which characterizes globalized television practices. To discuss how television blurs distinctions between representation and lived experience, I examine select images from the Iraq conflict in 2003–2004 and relate them to literary narratives of captivity that appeared in colonial North America.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Bibliography

  • Adatto, Kiku. 1993. Picture Perfect: The Art and Artifice of Public Image Making. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andrews, William L. 1988. To Tell a Free Story: The First Century of Afro-American Autobiography, 1760–1865. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Appadurai, Arjun. 2003. “Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy.” In Planet TV: A Global Television Reader, edited by Lisa Parks and Shanti Kumar, 40–52. New York: New York University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bagdikian, Ben. 2004. The New Media Monopoly. Boston: Beacon Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bataille, Georges. 1987. Story of the Eye. San Francisco: City Light Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baudrillard, Jean. 1988. Forget Foucault. New York: Semiotext.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benjamin, Walter. 1977. “The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction.” In Illuminations, 219–53. London: Fontana.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, Lance. 1990. “Toward a Theory of Press State Relations in the United States.” Journal of Communication 40, no. 2: 103–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bolter, Jay David, and Diane Gromela. 2003. Windows and Mirrors: Interaction Design, Digital Art, and the Myth of Transparency. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bolter, Jay David, and Richard Grusin. 1999. Remediation: Understanding New Media. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Casey, Bernadette, Neil Casey, Ben Calvert, Liam French, and Justin Lewis. 2002. Television Studies: The Key Concepts. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chakrabarty, Dipesh. 2002. Habitations of Modernity: Essays in the Wake of Subaltern Studies. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collier, Robert. 2004. “Migrants Trade Poverty for Danger.” San Francisco Chronicle, August 5, A15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Creef, Elena Tajima. 2004. Imaging Japanese America: The Visual Construction of Citizenship, Nation, and the Body. New York: New York University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crisell, Andrew. 2002. An Introductory History of British Broadcasting. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dartnell, Michael. 2006. Insurgency Online: Web Activism and Global Conflict. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dixon, Robert. 1994. “The Unfinished Commonwealth: Boundaries of Civility in Popular Australian Fiction in the First Commonwealth Decade.” In De-scribing Empire: Post-Colonialism and Textuality, edited by Chris Tiffin and Alan Lawson, 131–51. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ebersole, Gary. 1995. Captured by Texts: Puritan to Post-Modern Images of Indian Captivity. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • El-Nawawy, Mohammed, and Adel Iskandar. 2002. Al-Jazeera: How the Free Arab News Network Scooped the World and Changed the Middle East. Boulder, CO: Westview.

    Google Scholar 

  • Entman, Robert. 1991. “Framing US Coverage of International News: Contrasts in Narratives of the KAL and Iran Air Incidents.” Journal of Communication 41, no. 4: 6–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fiske, John. 2003. “Act Globally, Think Locally.” In Planet TV: A Global Television Reader, edited by Lisa Parks and Shanti Kumar, 277–85. New York: New York University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freedman, Lawrence. 2000. “Victims and Victors: Reflections on the Kosovo War.” Review of International Studies 26, no. 3: 335–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gowing, Nik. 1996. “Real-Time TV Coverage from War.” In Bosnia by Television, edited by James Gow, Richard Paterson and Alison Preston, 81–91. London: British Film Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Habermas, Jürgen. 1989. The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hallin, Daniel. 1994. We Keep America on Top of the World: Television Journalism and the Public Sphere. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harindranath, Ramaswami. 2003. “Reviving ‘Cultural Imperialism’: International Audiences, Global Capitalism, and the Transnational Elite.” In Planet TV: A Global Television Reader, edited by Lisa Parks and Shanti Kumar, 155–68. New York: New York University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Held, David. 1999. Global Transformations: Politics, Economics and Culture. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Herman, Edward, and Noam Chomsky. 1988. Manufacturing Consent. New York: Pantheon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howells, Richard. 2003. Visual Culture. Malden, MA: Polity.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ilyin, Natalia. 2000. Blonde Like Me: The Roots of the Blonde Myth in Our Culture. New York: Touchstone.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jehl, Douglas, and Eric Schmitt. 2004. “Army’s Report Faults General in Prison Abuse.” New York Times, August 27. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9404E7DC113EF934A1575BC0A9629C8B63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kennan, George. 1993. “Somalia, through a Glass Darkly.” New York Times, September 30. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CE2DAl13CF933A0575AC0A965958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=3.

    Google Scholar 

  • McLuhan, Marshall. 1995a. “The Gutenberg Galaxy.” In Essential McLuhan, edited by Eric McLuhan and Frank Zingrone, 97–148. Concord, Canada: Anansi.

    Google Scholar 

  • McLuhan, Marshall. 1995b. “A McLuhan Sourcebook: Key Quotations from the Writings of Marshall McLuhan.” In Essential McLuhan, edited by Eric McLuhan and Frank Zingrone, 270–97. Concord, Canada: Anansi.

    Google Scholar 

  • McLuhan, Marshall. 1995c. “Playboy Interview: ‘Marshall McLuhan—A Candid Conversation with the High Priest of Popcult and Metaphysician of Media.’” In Essential McLuhan, edited by Eric McLuhan and Frank Zingrone, 233–69. Concord, Canada: Anansi.

    Google Scholar 

  • Metzl, Jamie Frederic. 1997. “Rwandan Genocide and the International Law of Radio Jamming.” American Journal of International Law 91, no. 4: 628–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Minear, Larry, Colin Scott, and Thomas Weiss. 1996. The News Media, Civil Wars and Humanitarian Action. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mortimer, Barbara. 2000. Hollywood’s Frontier Captives: Cultural Anxiety and the Captivity Plot in American Film. New York: Garland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Namias, June. 1993. White Captives: Gender and Ethnicity on the American Frontier. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parkinson, Alan. 1998. Ulster Loyalism and the British Media. Dublin: Four Courts Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parks, Lisa. 2003. “Our World, Satellite Televisuality, and the Fantasy of Global Presence.” In Planet TV: A Global Television Reader, edited by Lisa Parks and Shanti Kumar, 74–93. New York: New York University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parks, Lisa, and Shanti Kumar, eds. 2003. Planet TV: A Global Television Reader. New York: New York University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Purcell, Betty. 1996. “The Silence in Irish Broadcasting.” In War and Words: The Northern Ireland Media Reader, edited by Bill Rolston and David Millers, 253–64. Belfast: Beyond the Pale Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reeves, Byron, and Clifford Nass. 1998. The Media Equation: How People Treat Computers, Television, and New Media like Real People and Places. Palo Alto, CA: CSLI Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Relph, Daniela. 2003. “Seeking the Full Lynch Story.” BBC News, November 12. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/3262529.stm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, Piers. 2002. The CNN Effect: The Myth of News, Foreign Policy and Intervention. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenau, James. 2003. Distant Proximities: Dynamics Beyond Globalization. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rowlandson, Mary. 1997. Sovereignty and Goodness of God, Together with the Faithfulness of His Promises Displayed: Being a Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. M. Mary Rowlandson and Related Documents. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sadler, Brent. 2004. “Reporter Gets inside Look at Insurgency.” CNN, July 8. http://edition.cnn.com/2004/WORLD/meast/07/06/iraq.insurgent.videos/index.html.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlesinger, Philip. 1998. “Terrorism.” In Television: An International History, edited by Anthony Smith, 132–43. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmitt, Eric. 2004. “Defense Leaders Faulted by Panel in Prison Abuse.” New York Times, August 24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sconce, Jeff. 2001. Haunted Media: Electronic Presence from Telegraphy to Television. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Segal, Ronald. 1995. The Black Diaspora: Five Centuries of the Black Experience outside Africa. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

    Google Scholar 

  • Serrano, Richard. 2004. “GIs Decried Prison Abuse but Didn’t Tell Superiors.” San Francisco Chronicle, August 5, A12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Slotkin, Richard. 1973. Regeneration through Violence: The Mythology of the American Frontier, 1600–1860. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, Anthony. 1996. “Television Coverage of Northern Ireland.” In War and Words: The Northern Ireland Media Reader, edited by Bill Rolston and David Millers, 22–37. Belfast: Beyond the Pale Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, Shawn Michelle. 2004. Photography on the Color Line: W E.B. Du Bois, Race, and Visual Culture. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Stiegler, Bernard. 2002. “The Discrete Image.” In Echographies of Television, edited by Jacques Derrida and Bernard Stiegler, 145–63. London: Polity.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strobel, Warren. 1997. Late Breaking Foreign Policy. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Institute of Peace.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strong, Pauline Turner. 1999. Captive Selves, Captivating Others: The Politics and Poetics of Colonial American Captivity Narratives. Boulder, CO: Westview.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, John. 1998. Body Horror: Photojournalism, Catastrophe and War. New York: New York University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tomlinson, John. 1999. Globalization and Culture. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tomlinson, John. 2003. “Media Imperialism.” In Planet TV: A Global Television Reader, edited by Lisa Parks and Shanti Kumar, 113–34. New York: New York University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ware, Michael. 2004. “A Chilling Iraqi Terror Tape.” CNN, July 4. http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,660926,00.html.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wheeler, Nicholas J. 2000. Saving Strangers: Humanitarian Intervention in International Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilk, Richard. 2002. “Television, Time, and the National Imaginary in Belize.” In Media Worlds: Anthropology on New Terrain, edited by Faye Ginsburg, Lila Abu-Lughod and Brian Larkin, 171–88. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, Raymond. 1974. Television: Technology and Cultural Form. London: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Wright, Michelle. 2004. Becoming Black: Creating Identity in the African Diaspora. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2008 Janie Leatherman

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Dartnell, M. (2008). Disciplining Perceptions, Punishing Violations: Captivity in Televisual Narratives of the Iraq Conflict. In: Leatherman, J. (eds) Discipline and Punishment in Global Politics. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230612792_7

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics