Abstract
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AMERICAN CIVIL SOCIETY AND THE military has changed in recent years as the United States has engaged in a global war on terrorism unprecedented in the post—Cold War era. The massive deployment of American forces into combat operations in Afghanistan and Iraq has propelled the armed forces into a more visible and relevant position in society. As reserve components of the services were activated and media coverage of these operations became widespread, the military has gained a centrality to alter the nature of civil-military relations in the country. The prolonged nature of the war and its controversy have also affected the civil-military balance.
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Notes
John Gearson, “The Nature of Modern Terrorism,” Political Quarterly 73, no. 4 (August 2002): 7–24, see 12.
Andrew J. Bacevich, American Empire: The Realities and Consequences of U.S. Diplomacy (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2002), 225.
Joseph S. Nye, Jr., “U.S. Power and Strategy After Iraq,” Foreign Affairs 82, no. 4 (July/August 2003): 60–73, see 60–61.
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Madeleine K. Albright, “Bridges, Bombs, or Bluster?” Foreign Affairs 82, no. 5 (September/October 2003): 2–18, see 3.
See, for example, Douglas Kellner, “Postmodern War in the Age of Bush II,” New Political Science 24, no. 1 (March 2002): 57–72. Lawrence Freedman explores this issue, leaving the question open about whether World War III will develop from the American war on Islamic terrorism, in “The Third World War?” Survival 43, no. 4 (Winter 2001): 61–88.
For the view of the Cold War as World War III, see Monty G. Marshall, Third World War: System, Process, and Conflict Dynamics (Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield, 1999); Editorial, “Now that We’ve Won World War III,” Airpower Journal 4, no. 1 (Spring 1990): 2. For the more common view that deterrence prevented the war and did not consist of it, see Richard Ned Lebow and Janice Gross Stein, “Deterrence and the Cold War,” Political Science Quarterly 110, no. 2 (Summer 1995): 157–81.
Norman Podhoretz, “How to Win World War IV,” Commentary 113, no. 2 (February 2002): 19–29; “World War IV: How It Started, What It Means, and Why We Have to Win,” Commentary 118, no. 2 (September 2004): 17–54; Norman Podhoretz, “The War Against World War IV,” Commentary 119, no. 2 (February 2005): 23–42; also, Eliot A. Cohen, “World War IV,” Wall Street Journal, November 20, 2001, A18.
Andrew J. Bacevich, “The Real World War IV,” Wilson Quarterly 29, no. 1 (Winter 2005): 36–61.
Samuel P. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order (New York: Touchstone Books, 1998); Ervand Abrahamian, “The U.S. Media, Huntington, and September 11,” Third World Quarterly 24, no. 3 (June 2003): 529–44.
Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations; Patrick J. Buchanan, The Death of the West: How Dying Populations and Immigrant Invasions Imperil Our Country and Civilization (New York: St. Martin’s, 2002); Samuel P. Huntington, “The Hispanic Challenge,” Foreign Policy (March/April 2004): 30–45. These authors warn of the relative demographic decline of Western populations, although they are more concerned with identity and domestic population. For a more specific argument by Huntington on domestic demographic decline, see “The Erosion of American National Interests,” Foreign Affairs 76, no. 5 (September/October 1997): 28–49.
Gawdat Bahgat, “Oil and Militant Islam: Strains on U.S.-Saudi Relations,” World Affairs 165, no. 3 (Winter 2003): 115–22; Mai Yamani, Changed Identities: The Challenge of the New Generation in Saudi Arabia (London: Royal Institute of International Affairs Middle East Program, 2000); Eric Rouleau, “Trouble in the Kingdom,” Foreign Affairs 81, no. 4 (July/August 2002): 75–89; J. E. Peterson, “Saudi-American Relations After September 11,” Asian Afairs 33, no. 1 (February 2002): 102–15.
Robert D. Kaplan, “A Tale of Two Colonies,” Atlantic Monthly 291, no. 3 (April 2003): 46–53.
Elizabeth Kier, “Homosexuals in the U.S. Military,” International Security 23, no. 2 (Fall 1998): 5–39.
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© 2008 Matthew J. Morgan
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Morgan, M.J. (2008). Introduction. In: The American Military After 9/11. The Day that Changed Everything?. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230610156_1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230610156_1
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