Abstract
On 9 November 1867 Tokugawa Yoshinobu, the fifteenth shogun, returned the power of government to the Imperial Court, bringing to a close more than 260 years of Tokugawa rule. In the same year, the British parliament had passed the British North America Act on 1 July, establishing the Dominion of Canada as the first self-governing territory in the British Empire. On 18 October, Russia had sold its Alaska territory to the United States and had withdrawn from North America, thereby establishing the political boundaries in the northern Pacific that still exist today.1 At the same time, however, Russia was watching out for opportunities to make southward advances into the Indian Ocean. It also continued to expand its economic and military activities in Siberia and sought to extend its sphere of influence into the Far East. Britain had to recognize these Russian ambitions as a major threat to its imperial position there.
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Notes
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Yuichi, I. (2000). From Unequal Treaty to the Anglo-Japanese Alliance, 1867–1902. In: Nish, I., Kibata, Y. (eds) The History of Anglo-Japanese Relations. The History of Anglo-Japanese Relations, 1600–2000. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230598959_6
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