Abstract
Socrates’ lifetime spanned the Athenian Golden Age of Pericles, the construction of the Parthenon, and the devastating Peloponnesian wars with Sparta. His trial and death in 399 BCE can in part be credited to the instability and chaos in the city by the end of the fifth and beginning of the fourth centuries.
That man, O Parmenon, I count most fortunate
Who quickly whence he came returns.
While he that tarries longer, worn, his money gone,
Grows old and wretched and forever knows some lack,
A vagrant he, the sport of enemies and plots.
Gaining no easy death the transient guest returns. (Menander)1
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Notes
Menander, The Principal Fragments, ‘The Counterfeit Baby or The Rustic’, Francis G. Allinson trans. (Cambridge, The Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University, reprint 1959) p. 443.
George K. Strodach, The Philosophy of Epicurus, (Chicago, Northwestern University Press, 1963) p. 151.
Peter Green, Alexander to Actium, (Berkeley, University of California Press, 1990) pp. 55-6.
Diogenes Laertius, Lives of Eminent Philosophers, Epicurus 2 vols., vol. ii, Bk X, 2, vol. 2 R.D. Hicks, trans. (Cambridge, Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University reprint 1958) pp. 529-31.
Lucretius, De Rerum Natura, bk III 995, W.H.D. Rouse, trans. (Cambridge, Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University reprint 1959) pp. 239-40.
Josiah B. Gould, The Philosophy of Chrysippus, (Leiden, E.J. Brill 1970) p. 82.
Seneca, Moral Essays, vol. i, John W. Basore trans., (Cambridge, Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University, reprint 1958), Bk I 8-9, p. 39.
Marcus Aurelius, Meditations, George Long trans., (Chicago, Henry Regnery Co., 1956) p. 111.
Epictetus, The Discourses, 2 vols. W.A. Oldfather trans., (Cambridge, Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press, reprint 1961), vol. ii p. 445.
Marcus Aurelius, The Communings with Himself, C.R. Haines trans., (Cambridge, Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University reprint 1961) p. 105.
For a discussion of this position, see R.C. Lewontin, Biology as Ideology, (New York, Harper Perennial Books, 1993)
R.C. Lewontin, Steven Rose, Leon J. Kamin, Not In Our Genes, (New York, Pantheon Books, 1984).
David Hahm, The Origins of Stoic Cosmology, (Columbus, Ohio State University Press, 1977) p. 163.
Mates, Stoic Logic, (Berkeley, University of California Press, 1961) p. 41.
A.A. Long, ed., Problems in Stoicism, A.A. Long, ‘Language and Thought in Stoicism’ (London, Athlone Press, University of London, 1971) p. 76.
Samual Sambursky, The Physical World of the Greeks, (New York, Collier Books, 1962) pp. 203-4.
Anton Dumitriu, History of Logic, 4 vols (Tunbridge Wells, Kent, Abacus Press English Ed. 1977) vol. i, p. 237.
I.M Bochenski, A History of Formal Logic, Ivo Thomas trans. and ed. (Notre Dame, Indiana, University of Notre Dame Press 1961) p. 117.
J.M. Rist, Stoic Philosophy, (London, Cambridge University Press, 1969) p. 15.
Kathleen Freeman, Ancilla to the Presocratic Philosophers, (Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1983) p. 24.
David Hume, A Treatise of Human Nature, Book I, Of the Understanding, G.C. Macnabb ed., Merican Books, (New York, World Publishing Co., 4th Printing, 1969) p. 48.
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© 1997 Walter Benesch
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Benesch, W. (1997). Objectivity and Ataraxia: Epicurean Gardens, a Stoic Porch and Skeptic Scales. In: An Introduction to Comparative Philosophy. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230597389_6
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