Abstract
Central Europe (or ‘Mitteleuropa’ in German) was historically the domain of the Hapsburg Empire, which succumbed to the Allied victory and nationalism in 1918. At that point, Austrian imperialism was replaced by nation-states of a kind. Apart from the four states in this chapter, the Hapsburgs lost control of the south of Poland to the new nation-state of Poland, the north of Italy had already gone to Italy by 1866, and Slovenia, Croatia and Bosnia-Hercegovina formed part of the new Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (from 1929, Yugoslavia). Hungary ruled the eastern Carpathian region, which went to Poland in 1918. Lwów was its centre (called by its German name, Lemberg by the Hapsburgs; Lvov by the Russians and Lviv by the Ukrainians).1 This region was lost to the USSR in 1945, and became part of the independent Ukraine in 1991. These areas are dealt with separately in other chapters.
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Notes
See W.L. Miller, S. White and P. Heywood, Values and Political Change in Postcommunist Europe (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1998), Ch. 7. The book covers the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary, as well as Russia and Ukraine. Using various measures of nationalism, Hungary was strong on ‘external’ nationalism, which tested opinion on relations with foreign countries, and Slovakia and Hungary were equally strong on ‘cultural’ nationalism which stated that only those who spoke the state language should be citizens with the right to vote and that state schools should teach all subjects in the state language (43% agreed). The Czech Republic was weakly nationalist overall (only 26%), which seems to indicate satisfaction with the boundaries of the state (no Czech minorities in other states) and its internal arrangements, for example concerning language.
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© 2004 James G. Kellas
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Kellas, J.G. (2004). ‘Mitteleuropa’ (Austria/Osterreich, Hungary/Magyarország, the Czech Republic/Ćeská Republika and Slovakia/Slovenská Republika). In: Nationalist Politics in Europe. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230597273_11
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230597273_11
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