Interpersonal Networks in the ‘Ruling Triad’

Abstract

‘Kone’ is a term used by the Japanese to refer to personal connections. The bond between bureaucracy, big business and politicians is fashioned from elaborate networks of formal and informal relationships (e.g., connections) between the three bodies, and generates an ideal environment for ministerial control over Japan’s political economy. The networks are forged though mutual obligation (e.g., ‘back-scratching’) and plays a far more important role than does the ‘old boys’ network in Western countries.

In upper levels of society, the kone multiply to form whole networks of special relationships. These may derive from one-time favours, school ties or shared experiences, or may involve intricate mutual back-scratching deals.

(van Wolferen, 1990)¹