Abstract
The Japanese describe their governing system as a ‘ruling triad’ of conservative politicians, elite bureaucrats, and leading businessmen (sei kan zai). These institutions are bound together by elements inherent in the Japanese socio-political system, resulting in a deep and abiding relationship.
Most of the ideas for economic growth came from the bureaucracy, and the business community reacted with the attitude of what one scholar called ‘responsive dependence’.
(Johnson, 1982)1
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Notes
C. Johnson, MITI and the Japanese Miracle (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1982), p. 24.
C. Johnson, Japan Who Governs? The Rise of the Developmental State (New York: W. W. Norton, 1995).
T. Okazaki, ‘The Role of Holding Companies in Pre-War Japanese Economic Development’, Social Science Japan Journal, Vol. 4, No. 2 (2001), p. 250.
T. Nakamura, The Postwar Japanese Economy (Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press, 1977), p. 18.
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© 2008 Susan Carpenter
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Carpenter, S. (2008). The Development of the System. In: Why Japan Can’t Reform. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230595064_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230595064_2
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