Abstract
We do not know how Henry III responded to news of Frederick’s German troubles. We can be certain, though, that he knew about them: after all, Henry (VII)’s final submission coincided with the wedding of Frederick II and Henry III’s own sister, Isabella.1 Henry III may, however, have been struck by the marked differences between Frederick’s experience and his own. For by the summer of 1235 Henry III was recovering from the most serious challenge to his authority since his accession: the revolt of Richard Marshal (1233–4). Superficially, both the context and the outcome of the Marshal revolt had been quite different from its German counterpart. While Frederick had overcome his son’s revolt with relative ease, and while the emperor had been able to turn his son’s revolt into a means for strengthening and expanding imperial lordship, Henry had been forced to concede to the rebels’ demands, and only the Marshal’s death had spared him even worse humiliation. Once we look (over the following chapters) at some of the arguments used, however, and the mechanisms employed by the rebels, some quite remarkable parallels will emerge. First, though, let us turn to the context of the Marshal rebellion, and its course.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Notes
The most detailed modern narratives of the revolt and its background are those by N. Vincent, Peter des Roches: an alien in English politics 1205–1238 (Cambridge, 1996), pp. 337–9, 375–428, 438–40; D. Carpenter, The Struggle for Mastery. The Penguin History ofBritain 1066–1284 (London, 2003), 312–17; M.T. Clanchy, England and Its Rulers 1066–1307, third edition (Oxford, 2006), 194–212; B. Smith, ‘Irish politics, 1220–1245’, TCE 8 (2001), 13–22, at 14–20.
D.A. Carpenter, The Minority of Henty HI (London, 1990), 13–19; idem, Struggle for Mastery, 300–3; Clanchy, England and Its Rulers, 142–7; L’histoire de Guillaume le Maréchal, comte de Striguil et de Pembroke, regent d’Angleterre de 1216 a 1219, ed. P. Meyer, 3 vols (Paris, 1891–1901), 11. 15688–96; D. Crouch, William the Marshal. Court, Career and Chivalty in the Angevin Empire 1147–1219 (London, 1990), p. 118.
Rogeri de Wendover Chronica sive Flores Historiarum, ed. H.O. Coxe, 5 vols (London, 1841–4), iv. 2–3.
J.C. Holt, Magna Carta, second edition (Cambridge, 1992), 378–404; R.V. Turner, Magna Carta (Harlow, 2003), 80–112.
R. Eales, ‘The political setting of the Becket translation of 1220’, Studies in Church History xxx (1993), 127–39.
D. Carpenter, ‘King, magnates and society. The personal rule of King Henry III, 1234–1258’, Speculum 60 (1985), 39–70; C. Hillen, ‘The minority governments of Henry III, Henry (VII) and Louis IX compared’, TCE 11 (forthcoming, 2007). The most recent study of des Roches is Vincent, Peter des Roches; a new biography of de Burgh remains a desideratum. In the meantime, see Carpenter, Minority, 263–300; F.A. Cazel, ‘Intertwined careers: Hubert de Burgh and Peter des Roches’, Haskins Society Journal i (1989) 173— 81; C. Ellis, Hubert de Burgh: a study in constancy (London, 1952).
The exact details of this court case remain complex. For a more detailed treatment see Vincent, Peter des Roches, 334–7; N. Denholm-Young, Richard of Cornwall (Oxford, 1947), 24–5; R.V. Turner, The King and his Courts: the role of John and Henry HI in the Administration of Justice, 1199–1240 (New York, 1968), 248–51; Stacey, Politics, Policy, 38–9.
Albrecht von Rof3weg, succeeded by Otto von Weiler: F. Battenberg, Gerichtsschreiberamt und Kanzlei am Reichshofgericht 1235–1451, Quellen und Forschungen zur höchsten Gerichtsbarkeit im Alten Reich 2 (Cologne and Vienna, 1974), 13–27, 35–9.
For a recent, lucid and perceptive survey see Huscroft, Ruling England. For more specific case studies for the thirteenth century, see D. Carpenter, ‘The English royal chancery in the thirteenth century’, Ecrit et pouvoir clans les chancelleries medievales. Espace francais, espace anglais. Actes du colloque international de Montreal, 7–9 septembre 1995, ed. K. Fianu and D.J. Guth (Louvain-la-Neuve, 1997), 25–53; and for the early years of Henry III: Stacey, Politics, Policy, 1–44.
Vincent, Peter des Roches, 417–18, especially no. 80; Anglo-Scottish Relations, ed. E.L.G. Stones, second edition (Oxford, 1970), 38–53.
J.R. Maddicott, Simon de Montfort (Cambridge, 1994), 7–20. These links and contexts also included trade and the economy: D. Matthew, Britain and the Continent 1000–1300 (London, 2005); N. Fryde, ‘How to get on in Henry III’s England — the career of three German merchants’, Weiler and Rowlands (eds), England and Europe, 207–14.
Vincent, Peter des Roches, 363–71; Carpenter, Struggle for Mastery, 315; for the most convenient overview. C.H. Lawrence, St Edmund ofAbingdon. A Study of Hagioography and History (Oxford, 1960), 124–37; F.M. Powicke, King Henry HI and the Lord Edward. The Community of the Realm in the Thirteenth Century, 2 vols (Oxford, 1947), 134–7.
D. Crouch, ‘The last adventure of Richard Siward’, Morgannwg Journal of Glamorgan History 35 (1991), 7–30.
RW, iv. 274–5. This is not to say that violations of sanctuary were not tolerated: for a similar incident, but one which received a much more supportive press, see the burning of the Church of St Mary Arches in London, William of Newburgh, Historia rerum Anglicarum, in Chronicles of the Reigns of Stephen, Henry H and Richard I, ed. R. Howlett, 4 vols (London, 1884–8), vols 1 & 2, iii. 7, v. 20–21; see also J. Gillingham, ‘The historian as judge: William Newburgh and Hubert Walter’, EHR 199 (2004), 1275–87, at 1276–7.
Gransden, Historical Writing, 356–79 provides what is still the best account of the two and their writings. See also V.H. Galbraith, Roger of Wendover and Matthew Paris (Glasgow, 1944), and R. Vaughan, Matthew Paris (Cambridge, 1958).
D. Carpenter, ‘What happened in 1258?’, J. Gillingham and J.C. Holt (ed.), War and Government in the Middle Ages: Essays in honour of J.O. Prestwich (Woodbridge, 1984), 106–19; repr. in his Reign 183–98.
D. Carpenter, ‘Simon de Montfort: the first leader of a political movement in English history’, History 76 (1991), 3–23; Valente, ‘Simon de Montfort’; Maddicott, Simon de Montfort, 346–70.
Copyright information
© 2007 Björn Weiler
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Weiler, B. (2007). The Marshal Rebellion in England (1233–4). In: Kingship, Rebellion and Political Culture. Medieval Culture and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230593589_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230593589_2
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-51069-6
Online ISBN: 978-0-230-59358-9
eBook Packages: Palgrave History CollectionHistory (R0)