Abstract
Eastertide—the juvescence of the year—meant renewal in early-thirteenth-century Europe. The annual agrarian cycle recommenced; passable roads made military campaigns possible; and pilgrims and crusaders were now able to board the ships of the Italian maritime cities for their regular spring or Easter passage to the Levant (Passagium vernale; Passagium paschae). Chivalric lyrics and romances invested the season with amorous sociability—a season of love-games, tournaments, and the gathering of troubadours. It was a time of flowers. In scenes of the “labors of the months,” April was the flower-bearer.1 Pentecost at Chartres cathedral was signaled by the descent of multi-colored flowers falling from the lofty vaults of the choir, symbolizing the tongues of fire in the descent of the Holy Spirit. A dove was then released: another Pentecostal symbol of the Holy Spirit.2
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Notes
See J.C. Webster, The Labors of the Months in Antique and Mediaeval Art (Northwestern University: Evanston and Chicago, 1938), p. 67, passim. In general, note Wilhelm Ganzenmüller, Das Naturgefühl im Mittelalter (B.G. Teubner: Leipzig and Berlin, 1914).
A. Lecoy de la Marche, La chaire française au moyen âge (Paris, 1868), p. 249ff., 250 n. 1.
See André Chédeville (ed.), Histoire de Chartres et du pays chartrain (Privat: Toulouse, 1983), pp. 63–97. Idem., Chartres et ses Campagnes (Editions Klincksieck: Paris, 1973), passim.
Marc Bloch, The Ile-de-France, the Country around Paris (trans. J.E. Anderson) (Routledge and Kegan Paul: London, 1971), pp. 19–21.
Michel Mollat (ed.), Histoire de l’Ile-de-France et de Paris (Privat: Toulouse, 1971), p. 117.
W.R. Cross, The Burned-Over District (Cornell University Press: Ithaca, 1950), p. 3.
Jonathan Riley-Smith, The First Crusaders, 1095–1131 (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 1997), pp. 88, 100, 155–6. Chédeville, Histoire de Chartres, p. 327.
Rosalind Hill (ed.), The Deeds of the Franks (Thomas Nelson and Sons: Edinburgh, 1962), p. 63.
Jonathan Riley-Smith, The Crusades: A Short History (Yale University Press: New Haven, 1987), p. 90. Idem., First Crusaders, p. 165.
Chédeville, Chartres, p. 328. John W. Baldwin, The Government of Philip Augustus (University of California Press: Berkeley, 1986), p. 67.
Note M. Zerner-Charavoine and H. Piéchon-Palloc, “La croisade albigeoise, une revanche: des rapports entre la quatrième croisade et la croisade albigeoise,” Revue Historique, Vol. 267 (1982), pp. 3–18.
Pierre Belperron, La croisade contre les Albigeois et l’union du Languedoc à la France, 1209–49 (Plon: Paris, 1946), p. 159.
J. Rupp, L’Idée de Chrétienté dans la pensée pontificale des origines à Innocent III (Paris, 1939), p. 102.
A. Huici Miranda (ed.), Colección de Crónicas Arabes de la Reconquista, Vol. 2:1. Los Almohades (Tetuán, 1953), p. 271.
See Christoph T. Maier, “Mass, Eucharist and the Cross: Innocent III and the Relocation of the Crusade,” in John C. Moore (ed.), Pope Innocent III and his World (Ashgate: Aldershot, 1999), here at pp. 352–6.
D. Mansilla (ed.), La Documentacion pontifica hasta Innocencio III (Monumenta Hispaniae Vaticana, sec.: registros, 1) (Rome, 1955), pp. 503–4, no. 473.
Copyright information
© 2008 Gary Dickson
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Dickson, G. (2008). History: Birthpangs of the Children’s Crusade. In: The Children’s Crusade. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230592988_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230592988_3
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-54802-6
Online ISBN: 978-0-230-59298-8
eBook Packages: Palgrave History CollectionHistory (R0)