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Notes
S. Sand, ‘Les sosies cinématographiques de Dreyfus’, in L. Gervereau and C. Prochasson (eds), L’Affaire Dreyfus et le tournant du siècle (1894–1910), (Nanterre: BDIC, 1994), pp. 224–7.
After Drumont’s death, his paper La Libre Parole gradually fell into decline, ceasing publication in 1924. In its last phase, with the collaboration of members of L’Action française, the paper supported fascism, and in its final issue denounced the revision of the Dreyfus verdict. In 1928 La Libre Parole was relaunched by the young right-wing Ploncard d’Assac. On the development of the paper after Drumont’s death, see F. Busi, The Pope of Antisemitism, the Career and Legacy of Edouard-Adolphe Drumont (Lanham: University Press of America, 1986), pp. 156–69.
The name Cagoule was given to CSAR by Maurice Pujo, a member of L’Action française. During 1937, the Cagoule led several terrorist attacks and plotted to overthrow the Republic. Its principal leaders were arrested. M. Winock (ed.) Histoire de l’extrême droite en France (Paris: Seuil, 1993), pp. 177–8.
More on this aspect see S. Sand, ‘Dreyfus, made in Hollywood’, in L’Histoire, 173 (January 1994), pp. 120–3;
P. Erens, The Jew in American Cinema (Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1984), pp. 161–3.
The law was drafted by Raphaël Alibert, Minister of Justice, a dedicated follower of Charles Maurras. Within 14 months, 60 decrees and laws, directly or indirectly relating to Jews in France, were issued, establishing their exclusion. C. Singer, Vichy l’université et les juifs. Les silences et la mémoire (Paris: Belles lettres ‘Pluriel’, 1992), pp. 71–138.
Only a certificate of baptism was accepted as a renunciation of the Jewish faith. Further decrees completed this law. The restrictions imposed on Jews during 1940–41 effectively deprived half the Jewish population of France of its means of existence. M. Winock, La France et les Juifs, de 1789 à nos jours (Paris: Seuil, 2004), pp. 218–28.
Pellepoix was responsible for accelerating Vichy’s anti-Jewish policy in 1942–44, in conjunction with the German authorities. L. Joly, Darquier de Pellepoix et l’antisémitisme français (Paris: Berg International, 2002).
The measure provoked some manifestations and sympathy towards Jews. Vichy did not officially impose the star in the zone libre. The measure did not extend to the south, even after its occupation by the Germans. (11 Nov 1942) But other methods were used by Vichy to help identify the Jews. (v. 11 Dec 1942) M.R. Marrus and R.O. Paxton, Vichy France and the Jews (New York: Basic books, 1981), pp. 235–40;
S. Klarsfled, Vichy-Auschwitz, Vol. 1 (Paris: Fayard, [1983] 2001), p. 203.
The first round-up of Jews began in May 1941, but from the summer of 1942 these deportations from France to Nazi Germany escalated dramatically. Drancy was the main transit camp. Between 1942 and 1944 65,000 Jews left Drancy in 64 transports. Of these transports, 61, comprising 61,000 deportees, went to Auschwitz; the rest were sent to the extermination camp of Sobibor. Of a total of 80,000 victims deported from France 10,750 were children and 9,700 were over 60 years old. See S. Klarsfled, Vichy-Auschwitz, 2 vols (Paris: Fayard, 1983 and 1895).
In 1944 the General Secretary of the Milice, Joseph Darnand, took an oath to Hitler, which reinforced the collaboration of Vichy and the SS. P. Giolitto, Histoire de la Milice (Paris: Perrin, 1997), pp. 127–30;
M. Cointet-Labrousse, Vichy et le fascisme (Paris: Complexe, 1987), pp. 232–5.
H. Dumont, William Dieterle. Antifascismo y compromise romantico (Filmoteca Espanola, 1994), pp. 91–9.
The film was based on the book by Nicholas Halasz, Captain Dreyfus. The Story of a Mass Hysteria (New York, Simon & Schuster, 1955). This was the first film to emphasize the Jewish origins of Dreyfus.
Austin Fannery, OP [Order of Preachers] (ed.) Vatican Council II, Constitutions, Decrees, Declarations. The basic sixteen documents. A Completely Revised Translation in Inclusive Language (New York: Costello Publishing Company/Dublin: Dominican Publications, 1996), p. 573.
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© 2008 George R. Whyte
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Whyte, G.R. (2008). Legacies, Memories and Repercussions: 1907–2006. In: The Dreyfus Affair. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230584501_10
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