Skip to main content
  • 103 Accesses

Abstract

Expenditure on research and development (R&D) forms the basis of incremental innovation for medium-to-large corporations in all advanced economies. Successful innovation out of R&D provides a high rate of return to the economy. This is because, although the vast majority of projects fail to materialize any tangible results, these failures contribute significantly to knowledge accumulation in the innovation process. However, the high risk and fundamental uncertainty arising out of R&D raise concerns about funding such activity. The new global financial system places this concern into a much sharper context.

I appreciate the generous support of the Centre for Strategic Economic Studies at Victoria University for Visiting Fellow status during the writing of this chapter. Thanks go to Phil O’Hara (Curtin University), Wifred Dolfsma (Erasmus University) and Paul Ramskogler (Vienna University of Economics) for their comments on earlier drafts.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abernathy, W. and J. Utterback, ‘Patterns of Industrial Innovation’, Technology Review, 80 (1978), 40–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Archibugi, D. and J. Michie, ‘The Globalisation of Technology: a New Taxonomy’, Cambridge Journal of Economics, 19 (1995), 121–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arestis, P., M. Nissnke and H. Stein, ‘Finance and Development: Institutional and Policy Alternatives to Financial Liberalisation’, The Levy Economic Institute, Working Paper 377 (2003). Accessed at http://www.levy.org.

  • Argitis, G and C. Pitelis, ‘Global Finance, Income Distribution and Capital Accumulation’, Contributions to Political Economy, 25 (2006), 63–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arrow, K. ‘Economic Welfare and the Allocation of Resources for Invention’, in R. Nelson (ed.), The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity: Economic and Social Factors (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1962), pp. 602–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Åsterbo, T., ‘The Return to Independent Invention: Evidence of Unrealistic Optimism, Risk Seeking or Skewness Loving?’, The Economic Journal, 113 (2003), 226–39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Audretsch, D., Innovation and Industry Evolution (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1995).

    Google Scholar 

  • Audretsch, D. and Z. Acs, ‘Entrepreneurial Activity, Innovation and Macro-economic Fluctuations’, in Y. Shionaya and M. Perlman (eds), Innovation in Technology, Industries and Institutions: Studies in Schumpeterian Perspectives (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1994), pp. 173–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bar, T., ‘Defensive Publications in an R&D Race’, Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, 15 (2006), 229–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baumol, W., ‘Education for Innovation: Entrepreneurial Breakthroughs versus Corporate Incremental Improvements’, in A. Jaffe, J. Lerner and S. Stern (eds). Innovation Policy and the Economy, vol. 5 (Cambridge, Mass.: MI. Press and National Bureau of Economic Research, 2005), pp. 33–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhidé, A., The Origin and Evolution of New Businesses (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bloom, N., R. Griffith and J. van Reenen, ‘Do R&D Tax Credits Work? Evidence from a Panel of Countries 1979–97’, Journal of Public Economics, 85 (2002), 1–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bowonder, B., P. Sudhakar and D. Wood, ‘E-Engineering: Redefining the Boundaries of the Firm’, International Journal of Information Technology and Management, 1 (2002), 32–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bowonder, B., J. Racheria, N. Mastakar and S. Krishnan, ‘R&D Spending Patterns of Global Firms’, Research-Technology Management, 48 (2005), 51–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bryant, K., ‘Evolutionary Innovation Systems: Their Origins and Emergence as a New Economic Paradigm’, in K. Bryant and W. Alison (eds), A New Economic Paradigm? Innovation-based Evolutionary Systems (Canberra: Department of Industry, Science and Resources, 1998), pp. 53–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burgelman, R., M. Maidique and S. Wheelwright (eds), Strategic Management of Technology and Innovation, 2nd edn (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1996).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cannon, P., ‘Why We Do R&D (a Practitioner’s Tale)’, Research-Technology Management, 48(5) (2005), 10–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chiesa, V., R&D Strategy and Organisation: Managing Technical Change in Dynamic Contexts (London: Imperial College Press, 2001).

    Google Scholar 

  • Coe, D. and E. Helpman, ‘International R&D Spillovers’, European Economic Review, 39 (1995), 859–87.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Courvisanos, J., ‘A Post-Keynesian Innovation Policy for Sustainable Development’, International Journal of Environment, Workplace and Employment, 1 (2005), 187–202.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davidson, P., ‘Is Probability Theory Relevant for Uncertainty? A Post Keynesian Perspective’ , Journal of Economic Perspectives, 5 (1991), 129–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dolfsma, W., ‘TPRs, Technological Development, and Economic Development’, Journal of Economic Issues, XL (2006), 33–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ettlie, J., Managing Technological Innovation (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2000).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ettlie, J. and A. Rubenstein, ‘Firm Size and Product Innovation’, Journal of Product Innovation Management, 4 (1987), 89–108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fox, J., ‘Why is it so Difficult to Develop Great Ideas and Inventions in Australia’, in The Alfred Deakin Lectures: Ideas for the Future of a Civil Society (Sydney: ABC Books, 2001), pp. 228–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, C., ‘The Economics of Technical Change: a Critical Review Article’, Cambridge Journal of Economics, 18 (1994), 463–514.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frieden, J., ‘Invested Interests: the Politics of National Economic Policies in a World of Global Finance’, International Organization, 45 (1991), 425–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Galbraith, J., The New Industrial State (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1967).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gansler, J., The Defence Industry (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerschenkron, A., Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective: a Book of Essays (Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1962).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gill, S., ‘Globalization, Market Civilization and Disciplinary Neoliberalism’, Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 24 (1995), 399–423.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Griliches, Z., ‘The Search for R&D Spillovers’, Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 94 (1992), S29–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Griliches, Z., ‘R&D and Productivity: Econometric Results and Measurement Issues’, in P. Stoneman (ed.), Handbook on the Economics of Innovation and Technological Change (Oxford: Blackwell, 1995), pp. 53–89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, B., ‘Investment and Research and Development at the Firm Level: Does the Source of Financing Matter?’ National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), Working Paper 4096 (1992). Accessed at http://papers.nber.org/papers.html

  • Hall, B., ‘The Financing of Research and Development’, Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 18 (2002), 35–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Helleiner, E., States and the Re-emergence of Global Finance (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1994).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hellmann, T. and M. Puri, ‘The Interaction between Product Market and Financing Strategy: the Role of Venture Capital’, Review of Financial Studies, 13 (2000), 959–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jolly, V., Commercializing New Technologies: Getting from Mind to Market (Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1997).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lach, S., ‘Do R&D Subsidies Stimulate or Displace Private R&D? Evidence from Israel’, Journal of Industrial Economics, 50 (2005), 369–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Legge, J., and K. Hindle, Entrepreneurship: Context, Vision and Planning (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lessig, L., Free Culture: How Big Media Uses Technology and the Law to Lock Down Culture and Control Creativity (New York: Penguin, 2004).

    Google Scholar 

  • McDaniel, B., Entrepreneurship and Innovation: an Economic Approach (Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 2002).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mansfield, E., J. Raporport, J. Schnee, S. Wagner and M. Hamburger, Research and Innovation in the Modern Corporation (London: Macmillan, 1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • Meginnson, W., ‘Towards a Global Model of Venture Capital?’, University of Oklahoma, 31 December draft (mimeo, 2001). Accessed at http://facuitystaff.ou,edu/M/William. L.Megginson-1

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyer-Krahmer, F. and G. Reger, ‘New Perspectives on the Innovation Strategies of Multinational Enterprises: Lessons for Technology Policy in Europe’, Research Policy, 28 (1999), 751–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miotti, L. and F. Sachwald, ‘Co-operative R&D. Why and with Whom? An Integrated Framework of Analysis’, Research Policy, 32 (2003), 1481–500.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • National Science Foundation, Product versus Process Applied Research and Development by Selected Industry (Arlington, Va: 2004). Accessed at: http://www.nsf.gov/sbe/srs/iris

  • Nelson, R. (ed.), National Innovation Systems: a Comparative Study (Oxford: OUP, 1993).

    Google Scholar 

  • OECD, Internationalisation of Industrial R&D. Patterns and Trends (Paris: Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development, 1998).

    Google Scholar 

  • OECD, OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2005 (Paris: Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development, 2005).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Pavitt, K., ‘Key Characteristics of Large Innovating Firms’, in M. Dodgson and R. Rothwell (eds), The Handbook of Industrial Innovation (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 1994), pp. 357–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberg, N., Inside the Black Box: Technology and Economics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sachs, J., ‘The Global Innovation Divide’, in A. Jaffe, J. Lerner and S. Stern (eds), Innovation Policy and the Economy, vol. 3 (Cambridge, Mass.: MI. Press and National Bureau of Economic Research, 2003), pp. 131–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schumpeter, J., The Theory of Economic Development (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1934) [German original 1911].

    Google Scholar 

  • Schumpeter, J., Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy (New York: Harper & Row, 1942).

    Google Scholar 

  • Shapiro, C., ‘Navigating the Patent Thicket: Cross Licenses, Patent Pools and Standard Setting’, in A. Jaffe, J. Lerner and S. Stern (eds), Innovation Policy and the Economy, vol. 1 (Cambridge, Mass.: MI. Press and National Bureau of Economic Research, 2001), pp. 119–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skea, J., ‘Environmental Issues and Innovation’, in M. Dodgson and R. Rothwell (eds), The Handbook of Industrial Innovation (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 1994), pp. 421–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, K., ‘Innovation as a Systemic Phenomenon: Rethinking the Role of Policy’, in K. Bryant and W. Alison (eds), A New Economic Paradigm? Innovation-based Evolutionary Systems (Canberra: Department of Industry, Science and Resources, 1998), pp. 17–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stiglitz, J., ‘Reforming the Global Economic Architecture: Lessons from Recent Crises’, The Journal of Finance, 54 (1999), 1508–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strange, S., Mad Money (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1998).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tassey, G., The Economics of R&D Policy (Westport: Quorum Books, 1997). The Sunday Age, ‘Copyright Rock’, 25 July 2004, Agenda, p. 6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tidd, J., J. Bessant and K. Pavitt, Managing Innovation, 3rd edn (Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 2005).

    Google Scholar 

  • Verspagen, B., ‘Estimating International Technology Spillovers Using Technology Flow Matrices’, Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 133 (1997), 226–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Von Hippel, E., Democratizing Innovation (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2005).

    Google Scholar 

  • Webster, E., The Economics of Intangible Investment (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 1999).

    Google Scholar 

  • White, M., Fruits of War: How Military Conflict Accelerates Technology (London: Simon & Schuster, 2005).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2008 Jerry Courvisanos

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Courvisanos, J. (2008). The Political Economy of R&D in a Global Financial Context. In: Laperche, B., Uzunidis, D. (eds) Powerful Finance and Innovation Trends in a High-Risk Economy. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230584099_7

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics