Skip to main content

Recruitment into Lifestyle Modification Programmes: A Cross-Atlantic Perspective

  • Chapter
  • 441 Accesses

Abstract

In 1962, Leonard W. Larson, MD, then president of the American Medical Association, called for a ‘revolution in aging’. He charged physicians to reformulate medicine from ‘defence to offence’ by emphasising healthy behaviour in the individual throughout the life course (Larson, 2003). Dr. Larson recognised that these changes in medicine were especially important in the context of an ageing society. Since then, the US population has aged significantly, and technological advances have changed the length and nature of the aging process. Chronic, disabling illnesses dominate the landscape of health care needs, while the delivery system remains devoted to acute care. ‘The role of (acute) medical care in preventing sickness and premature death is secondary to that of other influences; yet society’s investment in health care is based on the premise that it is the major determinant’ (McKeown, 1979).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • C. Albright, S. Cohen, L. Gibbons, S. Miller, B. Marcus, J. Sallis, K. Imai, J. Jernick and D. Simons-Morton, ‘Incorporating physical activity advice into primary care: Physician-delivered advice within the activity counseling trial’, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 18: 3 (2000) 225–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • E. Arias, ‘United States Life Tables 2003’, National Vital Statistics Reports, 54: 14 (2006).

    Google Scholar 

  • L. Blais, J. Boucher, J. Couture, E. Rahme and J. LeLorier, ‘Impact of a cost-sharing drug insurance plan on drug utilization among older people’, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 49: 4 (2001) 410–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J. Bourbeau, D. Nault and T. Dang-Tan, ‘Self-management and behaviour modification in COPD’, Patient Education and Counseling, 52: 3 (2004) 271–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • L. Boyette, W. Lloyd, J. Boyette, E. Watkins, L. Furbush, S. Dunbar and L. Brandon, ‘Personal characteristics that influence exercise behavior of older adults’, Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 39: 1 (2002) 95–103.

    Google Scholar 

  • N. Bruce and S. Burnett, ‘Prevention of lifestyle-related disease: General practitioners’ views about their role, effectiveness and resources’, Family Practice, 8: 4 (1991) 373–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • S. Cohen, G. Stookey, B. Katz, C. Drook and D. Smith, ‘Encouraging Primary Care Physicians to Help Smokers Quit. A Randomized, Controlled Trial’, Annals of Internal Medicine 110 (1989) 648–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Department of Health, The Expert Patient: A New Approach to Chronic Disease Management for the 21st Century (London: Department of Health, 2001).

    Google Scholar 

  • Department of Health, Choosing Health: Making Healthier Choices Easier (London: HM Stationary Office, 2004).

    Google Scholar 

  • Department of Health, ‘NHS patients and staff reap rewards of GP incentive scheme as world’s biggest health database goes live’, press release reference number 2005/0306 (London, Department of Health, 2005).

    Google Scholar 

  • H. Draper and T. Sorell, ‘Patients’ responsibilities in medical ethics’, Bioethics, 16: 4 (2002) 335–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • L. Faulkner, Issue Brief: Disease Management Programs: The New Tool for Cost Containment (Washington DC National Governor’s Association Center for Best Practices, Health Policy Studies Division, 2003).

    Google Scholar 

  • Federal Interagency Forum on Aging-Related Statistics: Older Americans 2000, Key Indicators of Well-Being (Washington DC: Federal Interagency Forum on Aging-Related Statistics, US Government Printing Office, 2000).

    Google Scholar 

  • A. Fernandez, K. Grumbach, K. Vranizan, D. Osmond and A. Bindman, ‘Primary care physicians’ experience with disease management programs’, Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16: 3 (2001) 163–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • C. Friedman, R. Brownson, D. Peterson and J. Wilkerson, ‘Physician Advice to Reduce Chronic Disease Risk Factors’, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 10 (1994) 367–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • P. Gaede, M. Beck, P. Vedel and O. Pedersen, ‘Limited impact of lifestyle education in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria: results from a randomized intervention study’, Diabetic Medicine, 18: 2 (2001) 104–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • R. Glasgow, S. Bull, C. Gillette, L. Klesges and D. Dzewaltowski, ‘Behavior change intervention research in healthcare settings: A review of recent reports with emphasis on external validity’, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 23: 1 (2002a) 62–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • R. Glasgow, M. Funnell, A. Bonomi, C. Davis, V. Beckham and E. Wagner, ‘Self-management aspects of the improving chronic illness care breakthrough series: implementation with diabetes and heart failure teams’, Annals of Behavioral Medicine: A Publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine, 24 (2002b) 80–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • R. Glasgow, D. Toobert and S. Hampson, ‘Participation in outpatient diabetes education programs: how many patients take part and how representative are they?’, Diabetes Educator, 17 (1991) 376–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J. Gleason, K. Bourdet, K. Koehn, S. Holay and E. Schaefer, ‘Cardiovascular risk reduction and dietary compliance with a home-delivered diet and lifestyle modification program’, Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 102: 10 (2002) 1445–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • R. Goldberg, I. Ockene, J. Ockene, P. Merriam and J. Kristeller, ‘Physicians’ attitudes and reported practices toward smoking intervention’, Journal of Cancer Education, 8 (1993) 133–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • M. Gordon, E. Thomson, R. Madhok and H. Capell, ‘Can intervention modify adverse lifestyle variables in a rheumatoid population? Results of a pilot study’, Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 61: 1 (2002) 66–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • L. Green, M. Eriksen and E. Schor, ‘Preventive practices by physicians: behavioral determinants and potential interventions’, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 4 (1988) 101–7; discussion 108–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • S. Hampson, R. Glasgow and L. Foster, ‘Personal Models of Diabetes among Older Adults: Relationship to Self-Management and Other Variables’, Diabetes Education 21: 4 (1995) 330–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • N. Harvey and D. DePue, ‘Disease management: a continuum approach’, Healthcare Financial Management, 51: 6 (1997) 35–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • E. Havranek, F. Masoudi, J. Rumsfeld and J. Steiner, ‘A broader paradigm for understanding and treating heart failure’, Journal of Cardiac Failure, 9: 2 (2003) 147–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • C. Hoffman, D. Rice and H. Sung, ‘Persons with chronic conditions: Their prevalence and costs’, Journal of the American Medical Association, 276: 18 (1996) 1473–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • H. Holman and K. Lorig, ‘Patients as partners in managing chronic disease. Partnership is a prerequisite for effective and efficient health care’, BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.), 320: 7234 (2000) 526–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • R. Jamison, L. Gintner and J. Rogers, ‘Fairchild DG disease management for chronic pain: barriers of program implementation with primary care physicians’, Pain Medicine, 3: 2 (2002) 92–101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • E. Johnson, T. Harwell, P. Donahue, M. Weisner, M. McInerney, G. Holzman and S. D. Helgerson, ‘Promoting pneumococcal immunizations among rural Medicare beneficiaries using multiple strategies’, Journal of Rural Health 19: 4 (2003) 506–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • G. Joyce, J. Escarce, D. Solomon and D. Goldman, Cost Sharing Cuts Employers’ Drug Spending–But Employees Don’t Get the Savings (Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2002).

    Google Scholar 

  • P. Kotler, P., N. Roberto and N. Lee, Social Marketing: Improving the Quality of Life, 2nd edn (Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE, 2002).

    Google Scholar 

  • T. Kottke, H. Blackburn, M. Brekke and L. Solberg, ‘The Systematic Practice of Preventive Cardiology’, American Journal of Cardiology, 59: 6 (1987) 690–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • K. Krichbaum, V. Aarestad and M. Buethe, ‘Exploring the connection between self-efficacy and effective diabetes self-management’, Diabetes Educator, 29 (2003) 653–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • A. Larme and J. Pugh, ‘Attitudes of Primary Care Providers toward Diabetes: Barriers to Guideline Implementation’, Diabetes Care 21: 9 (1998) 1391–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • L. Larson, ‘The revolution in aging is here’, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 51: 6 (2003) 874–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • A. Lee, ‘Seamless health care for chronic diseases in a dual health care system: managed care and the role of family physicians’, Journal of Management in Medicine, 45: 6 (1998) 398–405.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • H. Leider, ‘HMOs need to share gains of Dm programs. Physicians are more likely to buy in if they see better outcomes–and Financial Rewards that go with them’, Managed Care, 10: 7 (2001) 33–4.

    Google Scholar 

  • N. Leonard, P. Lester, M. Rotheram-Borus, K. Mattes, M. Gwadz, and B. Ferns, ‘Successful recruitment and retention of participants in longitudinal behavioral research’, AIDS Education and Prevention, 15: 3 (2003) 269–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • C. Lewis, C. Clancy, B. Leake and J. Schwartz, ‘The counseling practices of internists’, Annals of Internal Medicine, 114: 11 (1991) 54–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • C. Lewis, K. Wells and J. Ware, ‘A model for predicting the counseling practices of physicians’, Journal of General Internal Medicine, 1: 1 (1986) 14–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • S. Liu and J. Romeis, ‘Changes in drug utilization following the outpatient prescription drug cost-sharing program-evidence from Taiwan’s elderly’, Health Policy, 68: 3 (2004) 227–87.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J. Manjer, S. Elmstahl, L. Janzon and G. Berglund, ‘Invitation to a population-based cohort study: differences between subjects recruited using various strategies’, Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 30: 2 (2002) 103–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • B. Marcus, N. Owen, L. Forsyth, N. Cavill and F. Fridinger, ‘Physical activity interventions using mass media, print media, and information technology’, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 15: 4 (1998) 362–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • T. McKeown, The Role of Medicine: Dream, Mirage, or Nemesis? (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1979).

    Google Scholar 

  • E. Miche, G. Herrmann, U. Wirtz, H. Laki, M. Barth and A. Radzewitz, ‘Effects of education, self-care instruction and physical exercise on patients with chronic heart failure’, Zeitschrift Für Kardiologie, 92 (2003) 985–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • A. Miller and M. Iris, ‘Health promotion attitudes and strategies in older adults’, Health Education & Behavior, 29: 2 (2002) 249–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • K. Mills, A. Stewart, A. King, K. Roitz, P. Sepsis, P. Ritter and W. Bortz II, ‘Factors associated with enrollment of older adults into a physical activity promotion program’, Journal of Aging and Health, 8: 1 (1996) 96–113.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • National Statistics UK (2006) ‘Population: Aging’, National Statistics Website. http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?ID=949

    Google Scholar 

  • B. Neiger, R. Thackeray, M. Barnes and J. M. Kenzie, ‘Positioning social marketing as a planning process for health education’, American Journal of Health Studies, 18:2–3 (2003) 75–81.

    Google Scholar 

  • C. Orleans, L. George, J. Houpt and K. Brodie, ‘Health promotion in primary care: a survey of US family practitioners’, Preventive Medicine, 14: 5 (1985) 636–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • D. Parra-Medina, A. D’Antonio, S. Smith, S. Levin, G. Kirkner and E. Mayer-Davis, ‘Successful recruitment and retention strategies for a randomized weight management trial for people with diabetes living in rural, medically underserved counties of South Carolina: the power study’, Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 104: 1 (2004) 70–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • G. Peterson, K. Fitzmaurice, M. Naunton, J. Vial, K. Stewart and H. Krum, ‘Impact of pharmacist-conducted home visits on the outcomes of lipid-lowering drug therapy’, Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 29: 1 (2004) 23–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • L. Pilote, C. Beck, H. Richard and M. Eisenberg, ‘The effects of cost-sharing on essential drug prescriptions, utilization of medical care and outcomes after acute myocardial infarction in elderly patients’, Canadian Medical Association Journal, 167: 3 (2002) 246–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • B. Pinto, M. Goldstein, J. DePue and F. Milan, ‘Acceptability and feasibility of physician-based activity counseling: The Pal Project’, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 15: 2 (1998) 95–102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • D. Plocher, ‘Disease Management’, in P. Kongstvedt (ed.), The Managed Health Care Handbook (Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen Publishers, Inc., 1996).

    Google Scholar 

  • V. Rangan, S. Karim and S. Sandberg, ‘Do Better at Doing Good’, Harvard Business Review, May–June (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  • P. Rapley and D. Fruin, ‘Self-efficacy in chronic illness: the juxtaposition of general and regimen-specific efficacy’, International Journal of Nursing Practice, 5: 4 (1999) 209–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J. Reid, ‘Managing new realities — integrating the care landscape’, Speech given 11 March 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Roemer, C. Hopkins, L. Carr and F. Gartside, ‘Copayments for ambulatory care: penny-wise and pound-foolish’, Medical Care, 13 (1975) 457–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • M. Rosen, D. Logsdon and M. Demak, ‘Prevention and health promotion in primary care: baseline results on physicians from the Insure Project on lifecycle preventive health services’, Preventive Medicine, 13: 5 (1984) 535–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • R. Rothman, R. Malone, B. Bryant, C. Horlen and M. Pignone, ‘Pharmacist-led, primary care-based disease management improves hemoglobin A1c in high-risk patients with diabetes’, American Journal Of Medical Quality, 18: 2 (2003) 51–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • P. Salsberry, ‘Assuming responsibility for one’s health–an analysis of a key assumption in Nursing’s Agenda for Health Care Reform’, Nursing Outlook, 41: 5 (1993) 212–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Sarkin, S. Marshall, K. Larson, K. Calfas and J. Sallis, ‘A Comparison of methods of recruitment to a health promotion program for university seniors’, Preventive Medicine, 27: 4 (1998) 562–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • S. Sherman and W. Hershman, ‘Exercise Counseling: How Do General Internists Do?’, Journal of General Internal Medicine 8: 5 (1993) 243–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • G. Simon, L. Grothaus, M. Durham, M. VonKorff and C. Pabiniak, ‘Impact of visit copayments on outpatient mental health utilization by members of a health maintenance organization’, American Journal of Psychiatry, 153: 3 (1996) 331–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • D. Simpson, B. Dixon and P. Bolli, ‘Effectiveness of multidisciplinary patient counselling in reducing cardiovascular disease risk factors through nonpharmacological intervention: results from the Healthy Heart Program’, Canadian Journal of Cardiology, 20: 2 (2004) 177–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • G. Solanki and H. Schauffler, ‘Cost-sharing and the utilization of clinical preventive services’, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 17: 2 (1999) 127–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • G. Solanki, H. Schauffler and L. Miller, ‘The direct and indirect effects of cost-sharing on the use of preventive services’, Health Services Research, 34: 6 (2000) 1331–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • S. Stearns, S. Bernard, S. Fasick, R. Schwartz, T. R. Konrad, M. G. Ory and G. H. DeFriese, ‘The economic implications of self-care: the effect of lifestyle, functional adaptations, and medical self-care among a national sample of medicare beneficiaries’, American Journal of Public Health, 90: 10 (2000) 1608–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • U. Svensk, ‘Disease management at the system level–an effective way to improve health care’, International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance, 9:7 (1996) 4–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • D. Taira, D. Safran, T. Seto, W. Rogers and A. Tarlov, ‘The relationship between patient income and physician discussion of health risk behaviors’, Journal of the American Medical Association, 278: 17 (1997) 1412–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • R. Tamblyn, R. Laprise, J. Hanley, M. Abrahamowicz, S. Scott, N. Mayo, J. Hurley, R. Grad, E. Latimer, R. Perreault, P. McLeod, A. Huang, P. Larochelle, L. Mallet, ‘Adverse events associated with prescription drug cost-sharing among poor and elderly persons’, Journal of the American Medical Association, 285: 4 (2001) 421–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • S. Thompson, L. Schwankovsky and J. Pitts, ‘Counselling patients to make lifestyle changes: the role of physician self-efficacy, training and beliefs about causes’, Family Practice, 10: 1 (1993) 70–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • G. Timmerman, ‘Using self-care strategies to make lifestyle changes’, Journal of Holistic Nursing, 17: 2 (1999) 169–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • D. Toobert, R. Glasgow and J. Radcliffe, ‘Physiologic and related behavioral outcomes from the Women’s Lifestyle Heart Trial’, Annals of Behavioral Medicine 22: 1 (2000) 1–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • D. Toobert, L. Strycker, R. Glasgow and J. Bagdade, ‘If you build it, will they come? Reach and adoption associated with a comprehensive lifestyle management program for women with type 2 diabetes’, Patient Education and Counseling, 48: 2 (2002) 99–105.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • S. Trude, Patient cost sharing: how much is too much? (Washington, DC: Center for Studying Health System Change, 2003).

    Google Scholar 

  • W. Vollmer, L. Svetkey, L. Appel, E. Obarzanek, P. Reams, B. Kennedy, K. Aicher, J. Charleston, P. R. Conlin, M. Evans, D. Harsha, S. Hertert, ‘Recruitment and retention of minority participants in the dash controlled feeding trial. Dash Collaborative Research Group. Dietary approaches to stop hypertension’, Ethnicity & Disease, 8: 2 (1998) 198–208.

    Google Scholar 

  • E. Wagner, C. Davis, J. Schaefer, M. Von Korff and B. Austin, ‘A survey of leading chronic disease management programs: are they consistent with the literature?’, Managed Care Quarterly, 7: 3 (1999) 56–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • E. Wagner, L. Grothaus, J. Hecht and A. LaCroix, ‘Factors Associated with Participation in a Senior Health Promotion Program’, Gerontologist, 31: 5 (1991) 598–602.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • E. Wagner, T. Wickizer, A. Cheadle, B. Psaty, T. Koepsell, P. Diehr, S. Curry, M. Von Korff, C. Anderman, W. Beery, D. Pearson and E. Perrin, ‘The Kaiser Family Foundation Community Health Promotion Grants Program: findings from an outcome evaluation’, Health Services Research, 35: 3 (2000) 561–89.

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Warren-Findlow, T. Prohaska and D. Freedman, ‘Challenges and opportunities in recruiting and retaining underrepresented populations into health promotion research’, Gerontologist, 43 (2003) 37–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • T. Waters, P. Budetti, K. Reynolds, R. Gillies, H. Zuckerman, J. Alexander, L. Burns and S. Shortell, ‘Factors associated with physician involvement in care management’, Medical Care, 39: 7 (2001) 179–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • K. Wells, C. Lewis, B. Leake and J. Ware Jr., ‘Do physicians preach what they practice? A study of physicians’ health habits and counseling practices’, Journal of the American Medical Association, 252: 20 (1984) 2846–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • R. Whittemore, S. Chase, C. Mandle and C. Roy, ‘Lifestyle change in Type 2 Diabetes–a process model’, Nursing Research, 51: 1 (2002) 18–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • P. Williams-Piehota, T. Schneider, J. Pizarro, L. Mowad and P. Salovey, ‘Matching health messages to information-processing styles: need for cognition and mammography utilization’, Health Communication, 15: 4 (2003) 375–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J. Williams and J. Flora, ‘Health behavior segmentation and campaign planning to reduce cardiovascular disease risk among Hispanics’, Health Education and Behavior, 22: 1 (1995) 36–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization: Countries, United Kingdom. World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/countries/gbr/en/

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2009 Sarita Bhalotra and Donald S. Shepard

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bhalotra, S., Shepard, D.S. (2009). Recruitment into Lifestyle Modification Programmes: A Cross-Atlantic Perspective. In: Dawson, S., Morris, Z.S. (eds) Future Public Health. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230582545_11

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics